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Renal and Endocrine > High Yield > Flashcards

High Yield Flashcards

1
Q

Laron Dwarves are known for have what mutation?

A

GH-R mutation

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2
Q

Pygmies are known for having what?

A

Lack of pubertal IGF-1 surge

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3
Q

Pakistani are known for having what mutations?

A

GHRH-R mutation

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4
Q

Increased levels of GH does what?

A

Increases gluconeogenesis, increases insulin resistance and mimics a diabetogenic state

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5
Q

What are the normal, prediabetes, and diabetic values for A1c?

A

5, 5.7-6.4, and 6.5 or higher

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6
Q

What are the normal, prediabetes, and diabetic values for Fasting glucose?

A

99 or lower, 100-125, and 126 or higher

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7
Q

What are the normal, prediabetes, and diabetic values for Oral glucose tolerance test?

A

139 or lower, 140-199, and 200 or higher

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8
Q

MEN1 is associated with tumors where?

A

Pancreas, pituitary, and parathyroid

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9
Q

MEN2a are associated with tumors where?

A

Parathyroid and pheochromocytoma

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10
Q

MEN2b are associated with what tumors?

A

MEN2b

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11
Q

Rathkes pouch forms what?

A

Anterior pituitary

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12
Q

Neural ectoderm (diencephalon) forms what?

A

Posterior lobe

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13
Q

Duplication of the ureters leads to what?

A

Ectopic placement leading to openings in the vagina

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14
Q

Multiple renal vessels leads to what?

A

Blocked ureters - hydronephrosis and increased hydrostatic pressure

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15
Q

ANF does what?

A

Afferent vasodilation

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16
Q

Acidosis does what to potassium?

A

inhibits uptake into cells possibly leading to hypokalemia

17
Q

Increased serum osmolality does what to potassium?

A

Increased K+ exit from cells

18
Q

What are some conditions that favor potassium secretion?

A

Apical - Increased fluid flow, pH, and Na Decreased - Cl

Basolateral - Increased ADH, aldosterone, potassium gradient and pH

19
Q

How will the kidney react to a state of metabolic alkalosis?

A

Excrete bicarbonate to decrease pH

20
Q

How will the kidney react to increase pCO2?

A

It will begin to excrete H+ ions

21
Q

What is the normal progression of T2 DM?

A

Eventually the islet cells wear out and stop producing insulin

22
Q

Acidosis has what effect on ammonium excretion?

A

Increased levels of ammonium excretion

23
Q

Would you see acanthros nigrans on a patient with T1DM?

A

No

24
Q

Would you see acanthros nigrans on a patient with T1DM?

A

No also no C-peptide

25
Q

Environmental cause of nephrogenic DI?

A

Lithium

26
Q

Pheochromocytoma can result in?

A

Increased calcitonin

27
Q

Insufficient effect of ACTH on the adrenals

A

Hypoplasia

28
Q

FENa <1%

A

Prerenal

29
Q

FENa >4%

A

Postrenal

30
Q

White blood cells in urine?

A

Drug induced interstitial nephritis

31
Q

Hypercalcuria

A

Bartters

32
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Gittlemans

33
Q

Acidosis does what to urine ammonium?

A

Increases it

34
Q

Lesch-neyan

A

HGPRT deficiency

Renal and Endocrine (46 decks)

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