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Integrated clinical studies > immune system qs > Flashcards

immune system qs Flashcards

1
Q

Leukocytes are recruited to the site of tissue injury by what?

A

chemokines

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2
Q

Which class of MHC would be important for generating antibodies?

A

MHC II

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3
Q

And which class of MHC would be important for cell-mediated cytotoxicity?

A

MHC I

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4
Q

Which subset of T lymphocytes would promote a cytotoxic T cell response?

A

Th1

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5
Q

which is the least common white cell in the blood and functionally very similar to mast cells

A

basophils

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6
Q

which cells do phagocytosis

A

macrophage
neutrophils
dendritic cells

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7
Q

stages of phagocytosis

A

1) attachment
2) ingestion
3) killing
4) degradation

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8
Q

which cell is a major constituent of pus

A

neutrophils

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9
Q

pus

A

pus is an exudate formed at the site of infection–> contains many neutrophils. Neutrophils drawn to the site of infection by chemokines

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10
Q

what is an example of an acute phase protein

A

c-reactive protein

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11
Q

where is c-reaction protein made

A

liver

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12
Q

what is C-reactive protein

A

an important marker of inflammation used clinically to assess inflammation and to monitor its response to treatment

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13
Q

what is an acute phase protein

A

a class of proteins whose plasma conc increase or decrease in response to inflammation

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14
Q

which components of the immune system can prevent bacterial pathogens present at a mucosal surface from entering the body?

A

antibodies: IgA

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15
Q

classical pathway of the complement system is started by

A

antigen-antibody complexes activating C1

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16
Q

three pathways of complement system

A

1) classical
2) MB-Lectin
3) alternative pathways

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17
Q

MB lectin pathway started by

A

Mannose-Binding lectin binds to mannose on the pathogen surface

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18
Q

Alternative pathway started by

A

pathogen surfaces

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19
Q

membrane attack complex in complement system mediates its actions pathogens by

A

osmotic lysis

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20
Q

which physical barrier causes you to sneeze

A

hairs

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21
Q

Innate barrier systems

A

antimicrobial factors in saliva, mucus, cilia, skin, rapid pH change, acid
pH and commensals of vagina, flushing of urinary tract, lysosomes in tears and other secretions

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22
Q

Pathogen associated molecular patterns

A

PAMPS

23
Q

PAMPS

A

are recognised by pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system

24
Q

TLR

A

toll like receptors

25
Q

which immunoglobulin is most common in colostrum (early milk)

A

IgA

26
Q

IgA

A
  • breast milk antibodies are mostly IgA
  • secreted antibodies and specialised for defending body surfaces
  • they adhere to the infants gut wall where they form strong line of defence against a range of pathogens
  • also screwed on musical linings and in tears
27
Q

where is IgA also secretd

A

mucosal lining and in tears

28
Q

what type of immunities the transfer of IgA from the mothers milk to the baby

A

passive natural

29
Q

example of passive natural

A

-placental transfer of IgG

30
Q

passive natural

A

IgA in milk

31
Q

passive artificial

A

injection of immunoglobulin

32
Q

active natural

A

infection

33
Q

active artificial

A

vaccination

34
Q

types of vaccines

A
  • -> non pathogenic microbe (attenuated, killed)
  • -> part of organism
  • -> DNA coding for part of organism
35
Q

which type of cells produce antibodies

A

plasma cells

36
Q

antibody production

A
  • B cell binds to antigen
  • gets activated by T helper cell
  • becomes a plasma cell
  • produces antibodies
37
Q

which antibody is a pentamer

A

IgM

38
Q

types of antibody

A

IgG, IgE, IgD, IgM, IgA

39
Q

which antibody is important for an anti-parasitic response

A

IgE

40
Q

lymphoid progenitor cells travel to which organ to become T lymphocytes

A

thymus

41
Q

T cells

A

produced in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus

42
Q

B cells

A

produced in the bone marrow and mature in the spleen or other secondary lymphoid organs

43
Q

IgG

A
  • neutralisation of microbes and toxins
  • opsonization of antigens for phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils
  • activation of the classical pathway of complement
  • antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity mediated by NK cells
  • neonatal immunity: transfer of maternal antibody across placenta and gut
  • feedback inhibition of B cell activation
44
Q

IgM

A

activation of the classical pathway of complement

45
Q

IgA

A

mucosal immunity: secretion of IgA into lumens of gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, neutralisation of microbes and toxins

46
Q

IgE

A

defence against helminths

-mast cell degranulation (immediate hypersensitivity reactions)

47
Q

Natural killer cells are members of which family

A

lymphocytes

48
Q

lymphocytes

A

include NK cells, cytotoxic T cells, T cells, B cells. they are the main type of cell found in the lymph

49
Q

a patient presents with a bacterial infection characterised by fever. this fever is due to which of the following

A

cytokines produced by phagocytes

50
Q

what is another name for CD4 T cells

A

t helper cell

51
Q

T cells

A

Th1, Th2, Th17. regulatory T cell, Naive CD4 T cell

52
Q

TH1 CELLS (IFN-GAMMA)

A

host defence : many microbes. systemic and organ-specific autoimmune diseases

53
Q

TH2 cells (IL-4, IL-5)

A

host define: helminths. allergic diseases

54
Q

TH17 cells (lL-17)

A

host defence: fungi, bacteria, organ specific autoimmune diseases

Integrated clinical studies (23 decks)

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