fighting infection-bacteria

Question 1

what allows bacteria to enter and proliferate

Answer 1

break in epethial surface

Question 2

what activates complement pathway and mannon binding lectin pathway leading to cell lysis

Answer 2

liposaccharides on the bacteria

Question 3

three effects of complement

Answer 3

1) mast cell activation
2) opsonisation
3) chemotaxis

Question 4

opsonisation

Answer 4

targeted for destruction by phagocytes

Question 5

after complementation has begun what happens

Answer 5

mast cell degranulation causes increased blood flow and leaky blood vessels causing oedema and local irritation

Question 6

after mast cell degranulation occurs what happens next

Answer 6

neutrophils get drawn to sea by complement, bacterial products and chemokine –> adhere to endothelia cell and marginate into infected area

Question 7

which cells are phagocytksed and killed by neutrophils

Answer 7

opsonised bacteria

Question 8

dendritic cells

Answer 8

engul and internalise bacteria- they migrate to the lymph node via the lymphatics

Question 9

how are naive cells recruited to the lymph nodes

Answer 9

recruited by dendritic cells

Question 10

interaction between dendritic cells and T helper cell in lymph nodes

Answer 10

dendritic cells present bacterial peptide to T helper cell receptor on their MHC II molecules which activate the T cells

Question 11

Dendritic cells can activate

Answer 11

T helper 1/2 cells

Question 12

activated T helper 2 cells cause

Answer 12

B cells to become plasma cells and produce antibodies–> initially ism and then class switching occurs and IgG and igA

Question 13

early antibody production

Answer 13

IgM–> 5 binding sites on IgM= enhance binding efficiency

Question 14

opsonised bacteria engulfed by

Answer 14

phagocyte and killed

Question 15

after infection..

Answer 15

bacterial debris is removed by neutrophils or by antibodies as soluble immune complexes