RANDOM & ENZYMES & AA

Question 1

what does Cytochrome P450 do?

Answer 1

Present in all tissues of the body & help w/ hormone synthesis/breakdown, cholesterol synthesis, Vit D metabolism
Metabolize toxic compounds, mostly in liver

Question 2

Enzyme: competitive inhibitor

Answer 2

increases Km & Vmax remains the same

Question 3

Noncompetitive inhibitors

Answer 3

Km stays the same and Vmax is reduced

Question 4

in cells, N-glycosylation occurs in where?

Answer 4

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (in all cells)

Question 5

N-glycosylation is the _________?

Answer 5

attachment of sugar glycan to nitrogen

Question 6

Pyrimidine synthesis begins with what?

Answer 6

Ribose 5- phosphate

Question 7

R5P does what?

Answer 7

result of pentose phosphate pathway, makes ribose for nucleotide synthesis & NAPD for fatty acid/steroid

Question 8

What process makes NADPH?

Answer 8

Pentose Phosphate Shunt

Question 9

Primary molecule for reduction biosynthesis?

Answer 9

NADPH

Question 10

Purine metabolism intermediate & precursor of adenosine & guanine?

Answer 10

IMP (inosine monophosphate)

Question 11

When taking away phosphate group from (named a nucleotide)?

Answer 11

Nucleoside

Question 12

What’s the difference between thmidine & uracil?

Answer 12

Methyl group on thymine

Question 13

What connects DNA?

Answer 13

Phosphodiester Bonds (bone- connects 2 amino acids)

Question 14

What’s a small molecule that can’t elicit immune response on its own?

Answer 14

Hapten

Question 15

What are Haptens?

Answer 15

antigenic determinants, but are too small to elicit the formation of antibodies themselves.
- can elicit immune response when attached to bigger molecules

Question 16

What elicits an immune response when bound to carrier protein?

Answer 16

Hapten

Question 17

Alpha helix & beta sheets form (2ndary protein structure) via?

Answer 17

hydrogen bonds

Question 18

What is the main AA in the tertiary structure of protein?

Answer 18

Cysteine (disulfide bones)

Question 19

What kind of force holds proteins in the lipid bilayer?

Answer 19

Hydrophobic Interaction

Question 20

tRNA wobble is in the ___________ position of the condone

Answer 20

3rd position

Question 21

Which one the plays an important role in detecting the starting condon (initiation) for RNA transcription?

Answer 21

Sigma Part

Question 22

What determines protein turnover?

Answer 22

H-bonds & peptide bonds: breakdown & synthesis of proteins

Question 23

Product of enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase in TCA cycle?

Answer 23

Alpha-ketogluterate

Question 24

In the amino acid metabolism, what are the 2 primary acceptors of amine groups?

Answer 24

OAA & alpha ketogluterate

Question 25

What is the deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH)?

Answer 25

Phenylketonuria

Question 26

Phenylalanine hydroxylase is responsible for what?

Answer 26

conversion of phenylalnine AA to another amino acid, tyrosine

Question 27

what amino acid is associated with taste sensation of umami?

Answer 27

L-glutamate

Question 28

What is the charge of glutamic acid at ph=1?

Answer 28

+2

Question 29

what are the ketogenic amino acids?

Answer 29

Leucine & Lysine

Question 30

Ketogenic AA can be degraded into what?

Answer 30

acetyl CoA, which is a precursor for ketone bodies

Question 31

What is nissl body?

Answer 31

rough ER

Question 32

What residues are phosphorylated to activate/deactivate an enzyme like glycogen synthase or glycogen phosphorylase?

Answer 32

Serine

Question 33

If patient is on a low carb diet, he/she wants low levels of?

Answer 33

reduce production of insulin with low level of Malonyl CoA

Question 34

Apoptosis?

Answer 34

Hormone dependent physiologic involution