Arteries

Question 1

What are the two groups of arteries?

Answer 1

pulmonary system and aorta system.

Question 2

What is the pulmonary system?

Answer 2

this takes deoxygenated blood from right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for hematosis.

Question 3

What is the aortic system?

Answer 3

this takes oxygenated blood to all parts of the body including the heart.

Question 4

What is arterial anastomoses?

Answer 4

a communication link between vessels and their neighbours.

Question 5

What are the different types of anastomoses?

Answer 5

arch, convergent, transverse and rete mirabilis.

Question 6

Describe rete mirabilis

Answer 6

rete mirabilis is a anastomoses which consists of one artery being divided into smaller parts and taken up by another artery. There are no capillaries.
this is advantageous when regulating blood pressure.

Question 7

What is the significance of the pulmonary trunk?

Answer 7

This is the artery which carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Question 8

What is the primitive aorta?

Answer 8

a large primitive vessel which is yellow and elastic.

Question 9

What are the coronary arteries?

Answer 9

right coronary artery - arteria coronaria dextra

left coronary artery - arteria coronaria sinistra

Question 10

What are the features of the cranial aorta?

Answer 10

• comes from aortic arch
• subclavian arteries to forelimbs
• common carotid arteries to head and neck

Question 11

What are species differences with subclaivian arteries?

Answer 11

• carnivores, rabbits, humans and pigs = left subclavin comes off independently from primitive aorta.

Question 12

What are species differences with the common carotid artery?

Answer 12

in rabbits and humans the left common carotid comes off independently from primitive aorta.

Question 13

What is the main role of the subclavian artery?

Answer 13

to supply oxygenated blood to the head, neck and thorax.

Question 14

What are the collaterals of the subclavian in the horse and what do they supply?

Answer 14

they supply for the forelimb.
axillary artery (median side of the lungs)
costo-cervical trunk 
deep cervical artery 
vertebral artery 
internal thoracic artery 
superficial cervical 
external thoracic artery

Question 15

What are the collaterals of the subclavian in the dog?

Answer 15

vertebral artery
costo-cervical trunk
internal thoracic artery
superficial cervical trunk

Question 16

What are the collaterals of the subclavian in the cow?

Answer 16

costo-cervical trunk
deep cervical artery 
vertebral artery
internal thoracic artery 
superficial cervical artery 
external thoracic artery

Question 17

What do common carotid arteries become?

Answer 17

external (head supply) and internal (brain supply) carotid arteries.

Question 18

What are some of the collaterals of the common carotid arteries?

Answer 18

cranial thyroid artery (arteria thyroidea cranalis) and caudal thyroid artery (arteria caudalis thyroidea)

Question 19

What is direction of flow in horse forelimb arteries?

Answer 19

axillary artery —> brachial artery —> median artery —> radial artery —> medial palmer or common artery —> medial and lateral digital arteries.

Question 20

What is the direction of flow in the cow forelimb arteries?

Answer 20

axillary artery —> brachial artery —> median artery —> radial artery —> palmer common digital artery.

Question 21

What is the direction of flow in the dog forelimb arteries?

Answer 21

axillary artery —> brachial artery —> median, ulnar and radial arteries —> dorsal common digital arteries —> dorsal metacarpal arteries —> palmer common digital arteries —> palmer metacarpal arteries.

Question 22

Is the palmer network stronger than the dorsal network?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

What are the superficial artery networks of the manus?

Answer 23

dorsal and palmer common digital arteries

Question 24

What are the deep artery networks of the manus?

Answer 24

dorsal and palmer metacarpal arterie

Question 25

What do the superficial and deep arteries of the manus form?

Answer 25

dorsal and palmer digital arteries.

Question 26

Where does the caudal aorta run?

Answer 26

it runs through the thorax and abdomen and ends by 4 iliac arteries and then sacral artery.