Upper Respiratory system

Question 1

What constitutes the upper respiratory?

Answer 1

Nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx and larynx.

Question 2

What are the nares and what are their functions?

Answer 2

They are two openings located above the upper lip which communicates with the outside via nostrils. It guides air into the respiratory system.
It also control the flow of air by increasing and decreasing in size.

Question 3

What is the features of the nasal cavity and what are their functions?

Answer 3

The nasal cavity is separated by the nasal septum and is also separated from the oral cavity by the hard palate (maxillary, incisive and palatine).
It communicates to orifices through choanae.

Question 4

What are the functions of the nasal cavity?

Answer 4

• olfactory
• respiratory
• thermoregulation
• pheromone

Question 5

What are nasal conchae’s?

Answer 5

• thin coiled bone blades lined with nasal mucosa

- there are bulla (coiled blade which is closed).

Question 6

What is the nasal meatus?

Answer 6

they are longitudinal gutters, there is one dorsal, one middle and one ventral.

Question 7

What are the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 7

These are cavities in the nasal cavity which communicates. They are rudimentary at birth but develop with age.

Question 8

How many sinuses are there in the horse per half head and what are they?

Answer 8

There are 5

• frontal
• spheniodal
• ethmoidal
• rostral maxillary
• caudal maxillary

Question 9

How many sinuses are there in the cow per half head and what are they?

Answer 9

There are 4

• frontal
• sphenoidal
• ethmoidal
• maxillary

Question 10

How many sinuses are there in the dog per half head and what are they?

Answer 10

There are 3

• frontal
• sphenoidal
• maxillary

Question 11

What is the communication system between the sinuses in the horse?

Answer 11

All the sinuses in the communicate indirectly with the caudal maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity except for the rostral maxillary which communicates with the nasal cavity through a slot.

Question 12

What is the difference between the horse and ox nasal cavity?

Answer 12

The ox nasal cavity doesn’t separate the two nasal cavities completely. They can communicate posteriorly.

Question 13

What is the communication system between the sinuses of the ox?

Answer 13

The frontal sinus is completely separated from the other sinuses but it communicates with nasal sinuses through aditas naso-frontalis orifice.

Question 14

How many openings does the pharynx have?

Answer 14

Seven

Question 15

What is the location and function of the pharynx?

Answer 15

crainally it is located at the soft palate, caudally at the midline of the raphne where several muscles of the organ are. laterally connected to the carotid arteries. the upper floor is behind the soft palate and the lower floor is above larynx.
It’s function is the channel between pharynx, the swallowing organ.

Question 16

Where is the located and what is it’s function?

Answer 16

It is at the midline between the two mandibles and attached to the hyoid bones.
It transports air down into the respiratory system.

Question 17

What is a meatus?

Answer 17

a space

Question 18

In the horse, an infection with pus production in the maxillary sinus may lead to?

Answer 18

Unilateral leakage.

Question 19

In all domestic animals, the maxillary sinus is?

Answer 19

has projections of the molar and last premolar teeth.

Question 20

The nasal cavities communicate widely at their third posterior below the vomer in the?

Answer 20

cow

Question 21

How many openings does the pharynx have?

Answer 21

7

Question 22

In the horse, per half of head, the number of paranasal sinuses is?

Answer 22

5

Question 23

The hard palate is composed of the following bones?

Answer 23

maxillary, incisive, palatine.