Renal Failure Flashcards
What is the normal function of the kidneys?
Regulate plasma ion concentration
-decrease creatinine, urea, K+/H+
Secrete EPO + renin
1-a-hydroxylation of calcidiol to form calcitriol (Vit D)
What is the structure of the nephron?
Renal corpuscle –> PCT –> LoH –> DCT –> CD
What is the function of the renal corpuscle?
Produces glomerular filtrate
What is the function of the PCT?
Reabsorbs water, ions, organic nutrients
What is the function of the LoH?
Reabsorbs water (descending limb) Reabsorbs Na+/Cl- (ascending limb)
What is the function of the DCT?
Secretion of ions, acids, drugs, toxins
Variable reabsorption of water/Na (RAAS)
What is the function of the CD?
Variable reabsorption of water (ADH)
Variable solute reabsorption
What structure do the ureters arise from?
Renal pelvis
Describe the course of the ureters through the abdomen/pelvis
Renal pelvis Descend retroperitoneally, along psoas Enter pelvic cavity at sacroiliac joints Run down lateral pelvic walls Turn anteromedial to enter bladder obliquely
What are the three main classifications of renal failure?
Pre-renal
Renal/Intrinsic
Post-renal
What is the pathology underlying pre-renal disease?
Decrease effective blood flow to both kidneys
- hypovolaemia
- hypotension
- heart failure
- liver cirrhosis
What is the pathology underlying renal/intrinsic disease?
Disease processes directly damaging kidney
- glomerulonephritis
- acute tubular necrosis
- acute interstitial nephritis
- rhabdomyolysis
- tumour lysis syndrome
What is the pathology underlying post-renal disease?
Disease states downstream of the kidney
-urinary tract obstruction
