NME 2.11

Question 1

what is the composition of bile

Answer 1

• bile salts
• phospholipids
• cholestrol
• bilirubin
• proteins

Question 2

what are primary bile acids?

Answer 2

• liver synthesis from cholestrol

Question 3

what are secondary bile acids?

Answer 3

• intestinal modification

Question 4

what is enterohepatic circulation

Answer 4

• ileal absorption
• liver uptake
• resecretion of bile

Question 5

functions of bile?

Answer 5

• emulsify lipids in food
• aggregate around droplets of lipids to form micelles
• increase surface for pancreatic lipase to work
• important for absorption fat-soluble vitamins
  A,D,E and K

Question 6

describe enterohepatic ciruclation of bile acids

Answer 6

• bile are secreted by the liver and released into the duodenum
• absorbed by the ileum
• taken up by the liver and secreted again

Question 7

what happens if no bile is reabsorbed?

Answer 7

• initiate de novo synthesis of bile acid increases

Question 8

control of biliary secretion

Answer 8

• bile acid dependent
• gall bladder contraction
• cephalic phase
• gastric phase
• intestinal phase

Question 9

cephalic phase during control of biliary secretion

Answer 9

• sight and smell of food
• increase in secretion of alkaline bile from duct cells
• weak contractions of the glallbladder
• relaxation of sphincter of oddi

Question 10

gastric phase during control of biliary secretion

Answer 10

• food in stomach and distention of stomach wall cause increase in release of gastrin
• weak contractions of the gallbladder
• stimulate alkaline juice secretion from bile duct

Question 11

intestinal phase during control of biliary secretion

Answer 11

• mediated by secretin and CCK
• secretin release as response to acid in the chyme
• secretin acts on duct cells to release alkaline bile
• CCK helps with gall bladder contraction
• ## CCK cause sphincter of oddi to relax

Question 12

what does bile acid have negative feedback on?

Answer 12

• gallbladder contraction
• sphincter contraction
• inhibit CCK from duodenum

Question 13

function of gallbladder?

Answer 13

• store and concentrate bile
• isotonic
• sodium ions with bile salts
• absorbs electrolytes and water to make bile more concentrated

Question 14

control of gallbladder

Answer 14

• CCk stimulates gallbladder contraction

- VIP, pancreatic polypeptide and sympathetic nerve cause gall bladder to relax

Question 15

how composition of bile contribute towards gall stone

Answer 15

• high cholestrol compared to bile salts
• conjugation compromised
• cholestrol in bile exceed capacity of phospholipid and bile salts