6 marks flashcards
(6 cards)
The behavioural approach to explaining phobias: Definition of behaviourist approach.
a way of explaining behaviour in terms what is observable and in terms of learning
The behavioural approach to explaining phobias: definition of classical approach
LEARNING BY ASSOCIATION. it occurs when an unconditioned stimulus and a new “neutral” stimulus are repeatedly paired together. the neutral stimulus eventually produces the same response that was originally produced by the unconditioned stimulus
The behavioural approach to explaining phobias: example of classical approach
a dog can be a neutral stimulus which produces no fear response by itself. if a person is bitten this would be the unconditioned stimulus. the unconditioned response would be fear + pain from the bite. the dog then becomes the conditioned stimulus and produces a conditioned response of fear. this occurs even if the person is not bitten by the dog again.
The behavioural approach to explaining phobias: operant approach definition
a form of learning in which behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences
The behavioural approach to explaining phobias: example of operant approach
a person who is scared of spiders is likely to run away when they see one. the escape from the spider and the consequent reduction of fear acts as a negative reinforcer. increases the likelihood of the individual avoiding the spider in the future. phobia is maintained.
The behavioural approach to explaining phobias: two process model
suggests that phobias are acquired through classical conditioning and maintained through operant conditioning.
