6 security, privacy and data integrity

Question 1

data privacy

Answer 1

privacy of personal information stored on a computer, that should not be accessed by unauthorized parties

Question 2

data protection laws

Answer 2

laws which govern how data should be kept private and secure

Question 3

data security

Answer 3

methods taken to prevent unauthorized access to data and to recover data if lost or corrupted

Question 4

user account

Answer 4

authenticates user by using username and password, allowing an individual to use a computer or network server

Question 5

authentication

Answer 5

way of proving somebody is who they claim to be

Question 6

access rights

Answer 6

use of access levels to ensure only authorized users can gain access to certain data

Question 7

malware

Answer 7

malicious software that wants to damage or gain unauthorized access to a computer system

Question 8

firewall

Answer 8

software or hardware that sits between a computer and external network that monitors and filters all incoming and outgoing activities
- checks against allow list
- blocks transmissions that do not meet criteria

Question 9

anti- spyware software

Answer 9

detects and removes spyware programs installed illegally on a users computer

Question 10

encryption

Answer 10

data is turned into cipher text so it cannot be understood without decryption key

Question 11

biometrics

Answer 11

use of unique human characteristics to identify a user (facial recognition, fingerprint) as part of the password system

Question 12

anti virus software

Answer 12

-checks files before they are loaded
- compare possible viruses against a database of known viruses
- quarantine files which are possibly infected

Question 13

hacking

Answer 13

illegal access to a computer system without the owners permission

Question 14

malicious hacking

Answer 14

intention of deleting or corrupting files to gain personal detail

Question 15

ethical hacking

Answer 15

authorized by company’s to check their security measures and how robust their computer systems are to resist hacking attacks

Question 16

viruses

Answer 16

programs that can copy themselves with the intention of deleting or corrupting files causing the computer to malfunction

Question 17

worms

Answer 17

type of standalone virus that can replicate itself with the intention of spreading to other computers

Question 18

logic bombs

Answer 18

code embedded in a program on a computer. when certain conditions are met, they are activated such as deleting files or sending data to a hacker

Question 19

trojan horses

Answer 19

malicious programs disguised as legitimate software with intent of carrying harm to users computer system

Question 20

bots

Answer 20

not always harmful, can be used to search automatically for a system on the internet. can cause harm by launching attacks and taking control over computer system

Question 21

spyware

Answer 21

software that gathers information by monitoring

Question 22

phishing

Answer 22

legitimate looking emails designed to trick the recipient into giving their personal data to the sender

Question 23

pharming

Answer 23

malicious code installed on a users computer. the code redirects the user to a fake website without their knowledge to gain personal data

Question 24

dns cache poisoning

Answer 24

altering IP addresses on a DNS server by a pharmer or hacker with the intention of redirecting a user to their fake website without

Question 25

data validation

Answer 25

method used to ensure entered data is reasonable and within given criteria

Question 26

types of data validation tests

Answer 26

type - checks wether nonnumeric data was input in a numeric only field range - checks data is within upper and lower limit format - checks wether data is entered in correct format length - checks wether data has the required number of characters presence - checks to make sure field is not empty existence- checks if data in file or file name actually exists limit check- checks only one of the limits ( upper or lower) consistency check- checks wether data in two or more fields match up correctly uniqueness check - checks that each entered value is unique

Question 27

data verification

Answer 27

ensures data is the same as original by using double entry or visual check

Question 28

double entry

Answer 28

data is entered twice using two different people, then compared

Question 29

visual check

Answer 29

manually compare entered data with the original document

Question 30

check digit

Answer 30

additional digit appended to a number to check if entered data is error free

Question 31

modulo 11

Answer 31

-each digit in the number is given a weighting number -the digit is multiplied by its weighting number and each value is added to make a total - the total is divided by 11 and the remainder is subtracted by 11 - value generated is the digit used, if it is 10 then X is used

Question 32

checksum

Answer 32

method to check if data has been changed or corrupted after data transmission

Question 33

parity check

Answer 33

method used to check if data has been transferred correctly that uses even or odd parity

Question 34

automatic repeat request (ARQ)

Answer 34

-uses acknowledgment (a message sent out to the receiver indicating that data has been received correctly) -timeout (time interval allowed to elapse before acknowledgment is received

Question 35

data integrity

Answer 35

ensuring consistency of the data