6 - The Mormons Flashcards
(214 cards)
1
Q
Where was there a great religious revival happening in 1820?
A
Palmyra, New York
2
Q
In what year did the religious revival in Palmyra happen?
A
1820
3
Q
Which state is Palmyra in?
A
New York
4
Q
What happened in Palmyra in 1820?
A
A great religious revival.
5
Q
How old was Joseph Smith at the time of the religious revival in Palmyra in 1820?
A
14 years old
6
Q
What was Joseph Smith’s reaction to the religious revival in Palmyra in 1820?
A
He found it very confusing, and prayed to God for guidance.
7
Q
Why did Joseph Smith pray to God for guidance?
A
He was confused by the teachings being proposed during the religious revival in Palmyra.
8
Q
Where did Joseph Smith pray to God for guidance during the religious revival in Palmyra in 1820?
A
In a grove behind his father’s house.
9
Q
What happened when Joseph Smith prayed to God for guidance during the religious revival in Palmyra in 1820?
A
A pillar of light appeared before him and told him not to join any religious sect but to prepare himself for great work.
10
Q
What did the pillar of light which appeared Joseph Smith after he prayed to God for guidance tell him?
A
That he should not join any religious sect and he should prepare himself for great work.
11
Q
Where did Joseph Smith grow up?
A
On his father’s farm in Palmyra, New York.
12
Q
What happened to Joseph Smith in 1827?
A
He had a vision in which he was visited by an angel named Moroni.
13
Q
When did Moroni visit Joseph Smith during his vision?
A
1827
14
Q
Who visited Joseph Smith during his vision in 1827?
A
An angel named Moroni.
15
Q
Who was Moroni?
A
An angel who visited Joseph Smith during his dream in 1827.
16
Q
What did Moroni tell Joseph Smith?
A
God had work for him to do, and that there was a book deposited upon gold plates which gave an account of the former inhabitants of the continent and the source from which they came.
17
Q
Where were did Joseph Smith find the gold plates which Moroni had told him about in his vision?
A
On a hillside in Manchester, New York.
18
Q
What did Joseph Smith find on a hillside in Manchester, New York?
A
The gold plates which Moroni had told him about in his vision.
19
Q
How far is Palmyra from Manchester?
A
7 miles north.
20
Q
How far is Manchester from Palmyra?
A
7 miles south.
21
Q
What did the gold plates that Joseph Smith discovered read?
A
An account of the former inhabitants of the continent.
22
Q
According to Mormonism, who were the former inhabitants of North America?
A
The lost tribes of Israel.
23
Q
When did the lost tribes of Israel arrive in North America?
A
Before the birth of Christ.
24
Q
True or False? - Christ led the lost tribes of Israel to North America.
A
False - The lost tribes of Israel had arrived in North America before the birth of Christ.
25
What had the lost tribes of Israel done until Christ arrived in North America?
Fought with each other.
26
Why did Christ come to North America?
To establish his church.
27
What did Christ come to North America to establish?
His church.
28
What happened once Christ arrived in North America?
Peace was established.
29
What happened soon after Christ had brought peace to the lost tribes of Israel in North America?
Fighting began again.
30
Who was Mormon?
One of the few survivors of the fighting among the lost tribes of Israel.
31
What did Mormon spend the rest of his life doing?
Recording the story of his people on the golden plates.
32
What was the role of the person who was to find the golden plates written by Mormon?
Restore the true church of Christ in America before Christ reappeared again to begin his 1,000 year reign.
33
Once the person who had found the golden plates had established the true church of Christ in America, what would happen?
Christ would reappear to begin his 1,000 year reign.
34
How long would Christ's reign be?
1,000 years long.
35
Why could nobody else check Joseph Smith's claims?
He also claimed that no one else was allowed to see them, and he had returned them to the hillside where he found them in Manchester, New York.
36
Where did Joseph Smith hide the golden plates?
In a hillside in Manchester, New York, where he had found them.
37
What did Joseph Smith do with the golden plates once finding them?
Translate them into a book called 'The Book of Mormon'.
38
Who helped Joseph Smith translate the golden plates into 'The Book of Mormon'?
His wife and some friends.
39
How did Joseph Smith ensure that his wife and friends who were helping him translate the golden plates into 'The Book of Mormon' did not see them?
He hung a blanket across the middle of the room.
40
What was the name of the book which Joseph Smith had translated the golden plates onto?
'The Book of Mormon'
41
When did Joseph Smith publish 'The Book of Mormon'?
1830
42
What did Joseph Smith publish in 1830?
'The Book of Mormon'
43
How many people had statements in 'The Book of Mormon' claiming that they had seen the golden plates?
8 people (including Joseph Smith's father and 2 brothers)
44
How many followers did the Mormon movement have to begin with when it started in 1830?
5
45
What 2 factors of Joseph Smith's personality allowed for the Mormon movement to grow?
1. His energy
| 2. His charismatic public speaking skills
46
Why were the Mormons unpopular in New York?
People claimed that they were fraudulent and were only out to make money.
47
What was 'The Book of Mormon' denounced as by clergymen in New York?
Blasphemous
48
How did the people in New York react to Joseph Smith and the Mormon movement?
Violently - mobs attacked his house and his followers were shot in the streets.
49
How did the Mormons end up in Kirtland, Ohio?
Joseph Smith prayed for guidance.
50
Where did the Mormons go to after being made unwelcome in New York?
Kirtland, Ohio.
51
What did Joseph Smith plan to set up in Kirtland, Ohio?
A city of God.
52
Where did Joseph Smith plan to set up a city of God?
Kirtland, Ohio
53
What happened to the number of Mormons in Kirtland?
They increased (1,000 in 1831)
54
Whilst the Mormons were in Kirtland, where were new Mormon colonies being established?
Missouri
55
How did the Mormons work in Kirtland?
Hard - they soon owned a mill, a store, a bank and a printing press.
56
What 4 things did the Mormons soon own in Kirtland after they worked hard?
1. A mill
2. A store
3. A bank
4. A printing press
57
What did the Mormons begin to build in Kirtland?
A temple
58
What is a gentile?
A Mormon name for non-Mormons.
59
What did the Mormons call non-Mormons?
Gentiles
60
What was the demographic make up on Kirtland like?
Mormons outnumbered gentiles.
61
When did the Mormons move to Kirtland, Ohio?
1831
62
When did the Mormons leave New York?
1831
63
Where did the Mormons live before they settled in Kirtland, Ohio?
New York
64
How did the gentiles react to Mormons in Kirtland?
They envied and hated them.
65
What impression did the gentiles have of the Mormons in Kirtland?
That they were going to take over everything.
66
What happened in 1837?
An economic depression in the US.
67
When did the economic depression happen in the US?
1837
68
What happened to banks in the US during the 1837 economic crisis?
They collapsed.
69
Where did gentiles in Kirtland invest their savings into?
Mormon-owned banks
70
Why did the 1837 economic depression affect the Mormons?
Mormon-owned banks collapsed. Many gentiles had invested savings in these banks, so when they collapsed their savings were lost. The gentiles blamed the Mormons for this, and turned against them.
71
When were the Mormons chased out of Kirtland by the gentiles?
1837
72
Who chased the Mormons out of Kirtland in 1837
The gentiles
73
Why were the Mormons chased out of Kirtland in 1837 by the gentiles?
The 1837 economic depression had made Mormon-owned banks collapse. Many gentiles had invested savings in these banks, so when they collapsed their savings were lost. The gentiles blamed the Mormons for this, and turned against them.
74
Where did the Mormons head to in 1837 after being chased out of Kirtland by the gentiles?
Missouri
75
When did the Mormons settle in Missouri?
1837
76
Why did the Mormons settle in Missouri?
They had colonies there that had established themselves in the early 1830s while they were in Kirtland.
77
True or False? - The Mormons were more popular in Missouri than they were in Ohio?
False - The Mormons were equally as UNPOPULAR in Missouri.
78
Why where the Mormons unpopular in Missouri?
People did not tolerate their beliefs.
79
True or False? - The Mormons were banned from voting in Missouri.
True
80
Who was the Governor of Missouri at the time when the Mormons settled there?
Governor Lilburn Boggs
81
Why did Governor Boggs have to send in troops to restore order in Missouri?
The gentiles were rioting and destroying Mormon property.
82
Why was Joseph Smith imprisoned and condemned to death in Missouri?
The Mormons and himself were held responsible for the violence in the state.
83
Who was held responsible for the violence in Missouri in 1837?
The Mormons
84
What rumors spread around Missouri about the Mormons?
The Mormons were stirring up the Indians ad freeing slaves.
85
What did Governor Boggs pass in response to rumors about the Mormons in Missouri?
Missouri Executive Order 44 - declaring the Mormons public enemies who were to be exterminated or driven from the state.
86
Who passed the Missouri Executive Order 44 in October 1838?
Governor Boggs
87
When did Governor Boggs pass the Missouri Executive Order 44?
October 1838
88
What did Missouri Executive Order 44 say?
That Mormons should be declared enemies of the state and should be exterminated or driven from Missouri.
89
Why did the Mormons leave Missouri?
because Governor Boggs passed the Missouri Executive Order 44 in 1838.
90
When did the Mormons leave Missouri?
1838
91
Where had the Mormons previously settled before they had arrived in Missouri?
Kirtland, Ohio
92
Where did the Mormons head after being driven from Missouri?
Nauvoo, Illinois
93
When did the Mormons settle in Nauvoo, Illinois?
1839
94
True or False? - After being imprisoned in Missouri, Joseph Smith was executed.
False - Joseph Smith was released from prison in Missouri on the condition that he and the Mormons left the state.
95
What was the name of Nauvoo before the Mormons settled there?
Commerce
96
In which state is Kirtland located?
Ohio
97
In which state is Nauvoo located?
Illinois
98
What were the Mormons allowed to develop Nauvoo as?
An independent city state.
99
Where were the Mormons allowed to develop as an independent city state?
Nauvoo
100
In what year did Nauvoo become the largest city in Illinois?
1844
101
What dominated the city of Nauvoo?
A giant Mormon temple
102
What were the features of the ideal society which the Mormons strove to create in Nauvoo?
A society in which no one was poor or homeless and the evils of alcohol and smoking did not exist.
103
Why were Mormons heading to Nauvoo from Europe?
The Mormons had sent missionaries there.
104
What did the Mormons create in Nauvoo to defend themselves?
The Nauvoo Legion - a military of 4,000 men.
105
What made the Mormons successful in Nauvoo?
They kept themselves to themselves.
106
What did God tell Joseph Smith during a revelation in Nauvoo in 1844?
That certain Mormons could practice polygamy.
107
When did God tell Joseph Smith that certain Mormons could practice polygamy through a revelation?
1844
108
How did God contact Joseph Smith to tell him that certain Mormons could practice polygamy?
Through a revelation.
109
Why did people in Nauvoo practice polygamy?
There was a surplus of women.
110
What caused the surplus of women in Nauvoo?
Many of the Mormon converts from Europe were women.
111
How did some Mormons react to Joseph Smith's deceleration that they could practice polygamy?
They thought it was wrong and denounced him as a false prophet, criticising him in a newspaper they had established.
112
Through what media did the Mormons in Nauvoo criticise Joseph Smith when he announced that they could practice polygamy?
Through a newspaper they had set up.
113
How did Joseph Smith react to Mormons criticising him
| through a newspaper they had established for announcing that they could practice polygamy?
He destroyed their printing presses.
114
How did the Mormons react to Joseph Smith destroying the printing presses of a Mormon-ran newspaper which had criticised him for announcing that they could practice polygamy?
They called him a dictator and demanded his arrest.
115
Once he was arrested in Nauvoo, where was Joseph Smith jailed?
In nearby Carthage, Illinois.
116
How did the gentiles react to Joseph Smith's announcement that Mormons could practice polygamy?
They were outraged, thought it was immoral and worried that it could lead to a rapid increase in the Mormon population.
117
What else did Joseph Smith do to anger the gentiles besides announce that Mormons could practice polygamy?
He announced that he was planning to run for President.
118
How did Joseph Smith die?
On the 27th June 1844 a mob of 200 gentiles attacked the jail in Carthage and shot Smith dead.
119
When was Joseph Smith killed?
27th June 1844
120
Where was Joseph Smith killed?
Carthage jail, Illinois
121
Who killed Joseph Smith?
An angry mob of 200 gentiles.
122
What rumors spread after the murder of Joseph Smith?
That there may be a gentile attack on Nauvoo.
123
Who assumed leadership of the Mormons after the death of Joseph Smith?
Brigham Young
124
What was Brigham Young convinced?
That the Mormons would never find peace in the East.
125
Where did Brigham Young believe the Mormons should settle?
On the Great Salt Lake in an isolated area of the West.
126
Why did Brigham Young believe the Mormons should settle on the Great Salt Lake?
1. It was an isolated area.
2. A beautiful area.
3. This part of the Rockies was owned by Mexico, so they would be out of the control of the US government.
127
When did Brigham Young decide to move the Mormons to the Great Salt Lake?
September 1845
128
Where did Brigham Young decide to move the Mormons to in September 1845?
The Great Salt Lake
129
What did Brigham Young agree with the authorities of Illinois?
That the Mormons would leave Nauvoo in the spring of 1846 in return for freedom from persecution until they left.
130
What were the 2 problems faced by Brigham Young when moving the Mormons to the Great Salt Lake?
1. There were so many Mormons to move - over 16,000
| 2. There would be the issue of making the salt flats into a rich, thriving community
131
Why was Brigham Young able to overcome the problems faced by the Mormons when moving to the Great Salt Lake?
He was a great organiser who had previously organised the move to Nauvoo, Illinois from Missouri.
132
How many wives did Brigham Young have?
27
133
Which famous Mormon had 27 wives?
Brigham Young
134
What did Brigham Young send across the frozen Mississippi before the Mormons had moved to the Great Salt Lake?
A pioneer band, who established a first way-station called Camp of Israel, in Iowa.
135
Where was the Camp of Israel?
Iowa
136
Why did the Mormons have to follow the pioneer band sent to establish the Camp of Israel earlier than expected?
Gentiles in Nauvoo began to loot their homes.
137
How was the Mormon journey to the Great Salt Lake organised?
The Mormons were split into a number of wagon trains, each made up of 100 wagons. A captain would be in charge of the wagon train, which would then be subdivided into 'tens', each led by a lieutenant.
138
What did the Mormons build on their journey across the Plains every now and then?
A rest camp for those following.
139
Where was Winter Quarters built?
On the Missouri River.
140
When did the Mormons build Winter Quarters?
June 1846
141
What did the Mormons do at Winter Quarters?
Stay there for the winter.
142
What problem did the Mormons face at Winter Quarters?
The weather on the Plains
143
In April 1847, what did Smith decide to do?
Send a pioneer band, led by him, consisting of 143 men, 3 women and 2 children to the Great Salt Lake to select a site for the new Mormon settlement and begin to work there.
144
When did the Mormons reach the Great Salt Lake?
July 1847
145
What benefit did Brigham Young have when it came to tackling the problems faced by the Mormons when they settled at the Great Salt Lake?
He had total control over the Mormon community - the Mormons believed he was inspired by God and that his decisions should be accepted without question.
146
Why was Brigham Young's total control of the Mormon community at the Great Salt Lake necessary?
It stopped quarreling over land and water.
147
What did Brigham Young decide about land and water?
There should be no private ownership of it.
148
Who assigned farmland at the Great Salt Lake?
The Mormon Church
149
What was farmland assigned on a basis of at the Great Salt Lake?
According to need
150
Describe the structure of Salt Lake City.
Based off the concentric zone model (geography). In order of parts radiating out from the city centre:
1. The Temple and the Temple Square were at the centre of the city.
2. Five-acre plots for young craftspeople and artists (artisans) who had little time to work on the land
3. Ten-acre plots for those with small families or the elderly whose children had left home
4. Farms between ten and 80 acres for larger families
151
What was the importance of water at Salt Lake City?
Water was essential, and the Mormons worked together to build a main irrigation ditch through farming land. Side ditches were then dug so all land could be irrigated. There was no private ownership of land or water, and each person was given an exact time at which they could draw water from the main ditch.
152
What happened in 1848 which disrupted the Mormons' way of life?
The USA Beat Mexico in a war and gained large amounts of new territory, including the Great Salt Lake.
153
When did the USA beat Mexico in a war?
1848
154
What did the USA do in 1848?
Beat Mexico in a war and acquire new territory from them, including the Great Salt Lake.
155
Who did the USA defeat in a war in 1848, and acquire large amounts of new territory from?
Mexico
156
What did the USA acquire from Mexico after defeating them in a war in 1848.
Large amounts of new territory, including the Great Salt Lake.
157
What was Brigham Young's response to the USA acquiring new territory including the Great Salt Lake from Mexico after defeating them in a war in 1848?
He decided to make an independent Mormon state called Deseret, and apply to join the USA.
158
What does 'Deseret' mean?
'Honeybee'
159
What was the USA's response to Brigham Young wishing for Deseret to join them?
They refused to recognise Deseret.
160
What was created after a compromise was agreed between Brigham Young and the US government on Deseret being refused to join the USA?
The Territory of Utah
161
True or False? - The Territory of Utah was smaller than Deseret?
True
162
Who was the first Governor of Deseret?
Brigham Young
163
What was Brigham Young's plan after being appointed Governor of Utah?
To settle all of the Territory.
164
How did Brigham Young settle the rest of Utah?
He sent out surveyors to find out where farming was possible, and then dug up irrigation ditches and marked out farms.
165
What did Brigham Young balance the number of settlers with when setting up a new town in Utah?
Farmers, shopkeepers and craftsmen.
166
What did Brigham Young establish on the borders of Utah?
Towns to guard the borders of the Territory.
167
Give an example of a town that Brigham Young built on the borders of Utah to protect the Territory.
Las Vegas, Nevada & Carson City, Nevada
168
What was Brigham Young's goal for Utah?
To make the Territory self-sufficient.
169
What was needed to develop Utah?
Settlers
170
What did Brigham Young send out to Europe, the Far East and South America in order to attract settlers to Utah?
Missionaries
171
Where did Brigham Young send missionaries to in order to attract new settlers to Utah?
Europe, the Far East and South America.
172
What was established to help foreign settlers pay for their passage to Utah?
The Perpetual Emigrating Fund
173
How did the Perpetual Emigrating Fund work?
Money was lent to emigrants, which they paid back once they had arrived in Utah.
174
What were foreign settlers in Utah provided with?
1. Places on ships
2. Agents to meet them in the USA
3. Wagons and oxen to bring them to Utah
175
What were the Mormons unsuccessful at?
Industrial development and education
176
Why were the Mormons unsuccessful at industrial development?
They did not have enough workers or enough money.
177
Why were the Mormons unsuccessful at education?
Schools were badly equipped, and parents resisted the attempt to extend the school year beyond 3 months as they needed their children to work on their farms.
178
How long was the Mormon school year in Utah?
3 months long
179
Why did Mormon parents in Utah resist the proposed extension of the school year past 3 months?
They needed their children to work on their farms.
180
After the establishment of Utah, why were relationships between the Mormons and the gentiles still difficult?
There were rumors that the Mormons were plotting to kill all the gentiles and were arming the Indians to help in the massacre.
181
What was the Mormons' relationship with the Indians like?
They saw them and treat them as equals, and had even managed to convert some of them.
182
In June 1857 why did the US government send an army to march against the Mormons?
They needed to assert their authority after Brigham Young often flouted US laws.
183
In June 1857, what did the US government do in what is known as the Mormon War?
Send an army to march against the Mormons.
184
When did the US government send an army to march against the Mormons in what is known as the Mormon War?
June 1857
185
How did the Mormons respond to the US army marching upon Utah in June 1857 in what is known as the Mormon War?
They believed that the troops were coming to kill them and destroy their property, so they fled to Salt Lake City. This left towns abandoned. Guerrilla attacks were launched on the troops and were successful in holding them back. This became known as the Mormon War.
186
What was the Mormon War?
In June 1857 the US government sent soldiers to march on the Mormons after Brigham Young flouted several US laws. The Mormons believed that the troops were coming to kill them and destroy their property, so they fled to Salt Lake City. The Mormons then launched a series of guerrilla attacks on the soldiers and successfully held them back.
187
When was the Mormon War?
June 1857
188
What caused the Mormon War?
Brigham Young flouting several US laws; the government needed to assert their power.
189
What caused the Mountain Meadow Massacre?
A group of emigrants headed through Utah on route to California and were disrespectful to the Mormons and the Indians. This provoked the Indians into attacking them. They killed several emigrants before they were able to barricade themselves for safety. The Indians called upon the Mormons to help them, and together they decided that no emigrant should be allowed to walk away in order to stop news of the attack from getting out.
190
How did the emigrants provoke the Indians into committing the Mountain Meadow Massacre?
They were rude and disrespectful to them as they passed trough Utah on route to California.
191
How did the Mormons become involved in the Mountain Meadow Massacre?
The Indians requested for their help in attacking the emigrants after they had barricaded themselves into safety.
192
Who originally attacked the emigrants during the Mountain Meadow Massacre?
The Indians
193
What did the Mormons and the Indians tell the emigrants whom they had attacked before they were massacred in what is known as the Mountain Meadow Massacre?
That they had a free passage.
194
What happened during the Mountain Meadow Massacre?
The Mormons shot the emigrant men and the Indians killed the emigrant women and children.
195
In the Mountain Meadow Massacre, who killed the emigrant men?
The Mormons
196
In the Mountain Meadow Massacre, who killed the emigrant women and children?
The Indians
197
What news did the Mormons spread after the Mountain Meadow Massacre?
That the Indians had committed the massacre.
198
How did people react to the Mormons' claim that the Indians had committed the Mountain Meadow Massacre?
They did not believe the Mormons and newspapers published stories calling for the Mormons to be dealt with.
199
How did the US government react to the Mountain Meadow Massacre?
They sent more troops to Utah.
200
How did the Mormons react to the US government sending more troops to Utah after they committed the Mountain Meadow Massacre?
They packed up their belongings and fled.
201
How did the press react to the fleeing Mormons who fled Utah after the US sent troops there after they had committed the Mountain Meadow Massacre?
They felt sorry for the Mormons and began to take their side.
202
What did the US government offer to the Mormons in April 1852?
A full pardon if they accepted the authority of the US government.
203
When did the US government offer a full pardon to the Mormons so long as they accepted their authority?
April 1852
204
Did the Mormons agree to the US government's offer of a full pardon so long as they accepted their authority?
Yes
205
Who was appointed as Governor of Utah after the Mormons agreed to accept the authority of the US government in return for a full pardon?
Alfred Cumming - a gentile
206
Who was Alfred Cumming?
The 2nd Governor of the Territory of Utah who succeeded Brigham Young. He was a gentile.
207
Although Governor Cumming was appointed as their Territory's Governor, who was the Mormons' true leader?
Brigham Young
208
When did the US government pass anti-polygamy laws?
1862
209
What laws did the US government pass in 1862?
Anti-polygamy laws
210
How did Utah react to anti-polygamy laws passed by the US government in 1862?
It ignored them.
211
What was the price of admission for Utah to be granted statehood?
They banned polygamy.
212
Did Utah ban polygamy in order to be granted statehood?
Yes
213
When was Utah granted statehood?
1896
214
In 1896, what happened to Utah?
It was granted statehood.
