Nextstep 1 Chem/Phys Flashcards
Grab a piece of paper
What is the approximate molarity of sodium chloride in ocean water, if the density of ocean water is 1.028 kg/L?
You have to look in the passage for the percent composition of NaCl in ocean water.
The passage says 3.5%
Multiply the density by the mass composition of the substance to know the amount of grams per liter.
1028g • .035= 36g then use the grass per mile to find the molarity
36g of NaCl • 1 mile of NaCl/58g of NaCl = .62 M
If excess salt is ingested what will happen?
If excess salt ins ingested, since salt cannot easily pass through the phospholipid bilayer, in an attempt to establish and isotonic solution, the water inside the cell will diffuse by osmosis to reestablish isotonic solutions on both sides of the membrane.
Adding salt to water causes the boiling point of water to?
Since boiling point is defined as the pressure at which the vapor pressure of a molecule is equal to the atmospherics pressure, and adding salt reduces the vapor pressure of the liquid, the rate at which water molecules can break through the liquid surface decreases.
So, adding salt requires greater average kinetic energy of the liquid to produce a vapor pressure equal to the external pressure.
What happens to a compound like I-131 during -beta decay.
I-131 during -beta decay a neutron is converted into a proton as an electron is emitted. So, Iodine will be converted into a Xe.
A possible method of separating 2-methylundecanal and 2-methylundecanoic acid could be?
SOLUBITY. A carboxylic acid group is much more soluble than an aldehyde group. The more polar s compound is the higher its solubility in aqueous solution.
Methods such as mass spectroscopy, rotation on polarized light are analytic tools, and not SEPARATORY tools.
When transitioning from liquid to gas during boiling the liquid needs? And how can this be achieved?
In order to boils the liquid requires nucleation sites, or places to start forming bubbles. This is achieved by either scratching the inside of the flask or by introducing boiling chips.
Another way to decrease booing point is to decrease the atmospheric pressure through the use of a vacuum pump. Vacuum distillation is utilized when the boiling compounds have very high boiling points.
At the end of a distillation procedure the liquid remaining in the round bottom flask is?
The liquid with the highest boiling point.
A mass of 10kg is dropped from a height of 20m. Ignoring air resistance, what is the maximum speed achieved by the mass?
Kinectic energy= mgh 10kg(10m/s^2)(20)=2000
KE= 1/2mv^2=> 2000=1/2(10)v^2=> 400=v^2 = v=20m/s
How many stereo centers does the cholesterol in the picture has?
8
The preferred configuration of many elements on the periodic table is determined by?
Elements will often adopt a configuration with a complete octet. The electron configuration of the nearest noble gas; elements will gain or lose electrons until they have the same valence electron configuration as this noble gas.
During the force test with a mechanical stirrup, at what distance from the ankle joint was the force applied?
The passage states the at the force was applied perpendicular to the rotation of the ankle. That the torque force was 13Nm and the anterior force 98N.
The equation for torque is T= rFsin(teta)
If the force is perpendicular it means that the angle is 90 degrees.
So 13Nm=r (98N) sin(90) => r= 13Nm/98N= .133m or 133mm
During an anterior drawer test, the joint translation occurs in 0.2 seconds. What is the average velocity of the talus during translation?
According to the passage,the mean anterior-drawer translation of 5.7mm is the upper bound.
The average velocity would be calculated by dividing distance by time.
5.7•10^-3 meter/0.2 seconds = 30 mm/s
Where would a force applied in the ankle is more likely to result in injury?
Anterior force is what matters when it comes to ankle injury. This force requires a torque causing excessive translation or twist. Given that this force requires force it must be at some distance away from the point of rotation.
What are the moles of an acid titrated with a concentration of 2•10^-2M and according to the inflection, from the graph, the number of mL required were 7.5
The moles of the acid would be the molarity of the base times the mL used of the base. The tricky part was to find the mL from the inflection point.
2•10^-2 M•7.5mL => 15•10^-5
What are Km’s and Vmax patters for competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive inhibition?
Competitive: The inhibitor bonds to the free enzyme. The Km increases and the Vmax remains the same.
Non-competitive: The inhibitor binds to the ES complex or the free enzyme. At a different site from the active site. The Km remains the same and the Vmax decreases.
Uncompetitive: The inhibitor binds ONLY to the ES complex. Both the Km and Vmax are decrease.
A table such as this one shows what?
At this pH then, a thiol and a carboxyl groups would be?
The pH at which an inhibitor is strongest. The middle shows how much product was made. The lowest from the other ones.
The thiol will be protonated and the carboxyl will be deprotonated.
When working with that might react with oxygen or other gases, what gas would serve as a good artificial atmosphere?
Nitrogen gas would be ideal given that it is a very inert gas. Nitrogen gas makes up 80 percent of the gas we breathe, yet has no significant reactions with the our lungs, or with anything other than nitrogen fixing plants.
What is the bond angle of sp2 hybridized carbon with trigonal planar geometry?
120 degrees
What is the bond angle of an octahedral molecule with a hybridization of sp3d2?
The angle would be 90 degrees
What would be the angle of a tetrahedral molecule with hybridization of sp3?
The bond angle would be 109.5 degrees
What would be the bond angle of an sp hybridized linear molecule?
180 degrees
A circuit is constructed with a 12 V battery and four identical resistors, each with a resistance of 16 ohms, hooked up in parallel. What is the total power dissipated by the circuit?
Use the formula for resistance in parallel 1/Rtotal= 1/R1+1/R2… and Watts Power= V^2/R
1/Rtotal= 4/16= R=4ohms
Power= 12^2/ 4 + 36W
Give some examples of biological molecules that are derived from terpenes? And why?
Aldosterone and Estrogen. Terpenes are precursors to sterols. The majority of of steroid hormones have names that end in “-one”, “-en” or “-ol”
Which pIr of amino acids would best provide disulfide links?
Cysteine to Cysteine
Why are electrons passed on to oxygen gas in the electron transport chain? What does it tell us about the IRS standard reduction potential?
In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from species with less positive reduction potential to those with more positive reduction potentials.
Given that oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in the ETC, it must posses an standard reduction potential that is more positive than any other acceptor in the chain. THE MOST POSITIVE.
Consider the net reaction leading to the formation of fructose 6-phosphate from glucose and ATP. Change in Gibbs energy and Keq would be?
Negative and Keq will be larger than one since the products are favored.
A ray of white light strike the surface of water in a beaker. The index of refraction of the water is 1.33 and the angle of incidence is 30 degrees. What about the angle of refraction?
The angle of incidence always equals the angle of reflection.
When light enters a more dense medium it will bend towards the normal. With an angle of incidence of 30 degrees, the angle of refraction must be less than 30 degrees
What is the orbital hybridization of XeF4 and NH3?
Sp3d2 for XeF4 and sp3 for NH3
What is the Keq of EGFR+EGF–> EGFR-EGF if Ka is 5.61•10^6?
The same value as Ka
The rate of cation formation through deprotonate is directly related to ?
The rate of action formation is directly related to the energy requieres to deprotonate the compound. This energy can be found on the passage tables most often. Change of Hf X->X^+ the higher the value the more energy required.
The stabilizing effects of the substituent can be determined from?
The relative stabilization energy (RSE), which should be found on a table. The more NEGATIVE the RSE, the greater the stabilization.
Carbocations are typically unstable due to their high concentration of positive charge. How can the become more stabilized? More distabilized?
Carbocations can become more stable if a substituent can contribute some electron density to the carbocation, that way the positive charge can be shared and stabilized.
A carbocation can become more unstable if an electron withdrawing group is added given that it would pull even more electron density from the carbocations destabilizing it further.
Where would a force applied in the ankle is more likely to result in injury?
Anterior force is what matters when it comes to ankle injury. This force requires a torque causing excessive translation or twist. Given that this force requires force it must be at some distance away from the point of rotation.
What are the moles of an acid titrated with a concentration of 2•10^-2M and according to the inflection, from the graph, the number of mL required were 7.5
The moles of the acid would be the molarity of the base times the mL used of the base. The tricky part was to find the mL from the inflection point.
2•10^-2 M•7.5mL => 15•10^-5
What are Km’s and Vmax patters for competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive inhibition?
Competitive: The inhibitor bonds to the free enzyme. The Km increases and the Vmax remains the same.
Non-competitive: The inhibitor binds to the ES complex or the free enzyme. At a different site from the active site. The Km remains the same and the Vmax decreases.
Uncompetitive: The inhibitor binds ONLY to the ES complex. Both the Km and Vmax are decrease.
A table such as this one shows what?
At this pH then, a thiol and a carboxyl groups would be?
The pH at which an inhibitor is strongest. The middle shows how much product was made. The lowest from the other ones.
The thiol will be protonated and the carboxyl will be deprotonated.
When working with that might react with oxygen or other gases, what gas would serve as a good artificial atmosphere?
Nitrogen gas would be ideal given that it is a very inert gas. Nitrogen gas makes up 80 percent of the gas we breathe, yet has no significant reactions with the our lungs, or with anything other than nitrogen fixing plants.
What is the bond angle of sp2 hybridized carbon with trigonal planar geometry?
120 degrees
What is the bond angle of an octahedral molecule with a hybridization of sp3d2?
The angle would be 90 degrees
What would be the angle of a tetrahedral molecule with hybridization of sp3?
The bond angle would be 109.5 degrees
What would be the bond angle of an sp hybridized linear molecule?
180 degrees
A circuit is constructed with a 12 V battery and four identical resistors, each with a resistance of 16 ohms, hooked up in parallel. What is the total power dissipated by the circuit?
Use the formula for resistance in parallel 1/Rtotal= 1/R1+1/R2… and Watts Power= V^2/R
1/Rtotal= 4/16= R=4ohms
Power= 12^2/ 4 + 36W
Give some examples of biological molecules that are derived from terpenes? And why?
Aldosterone and Estrogen. Terpenes are precursors to sterols. The majority of of steroid hormones have names that end in “-one”, “-en” or “-ol”
Which pIr of amino acids would best provide disulfide links?
Cysteine to Cysteine
Why are electrons passed on to oxygen gas in the electron transport chain? What does it tell us about the IRS standard reduction potential?
In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from species with less positive reduction potential to those with more positive reduction potentials.
Given that oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in the ETC, it must posses an standard reduction potential that is more positive than any other acceptor in the chain. THE MOST POSITIVE.
Consider the net reaction leading to the formation of fructose 6-phosphate from glucose and ATP. Change in Gibbs energy and Keq would be?
Negative and Keq will be larger than one since the products are favored.
A ray of white light strike the surface of water in a beaker. The index of refraction of the water is 1.33 and the angle of incidence is 30 degrees. What about the angle of refraction?
The angle of incidence always equals the angle of reflection.
When light enters a more dense medium it will bend towards the normal. With an angle of incidence of 30 degrees, the angle of refraction must be less than 30 degrees
What is the orbital hybridization of XeF4 and NH3?
Sp3d2 for XeF4 and sp3 for NH3
What is the Keq of EGFR+EGF–> EGFR-EGF if Ka is 5.61•10^6?
The same value as Ka
The rate of cation formation through deprotonate is directly related to ?
The rate of action formation is directly related to the energy requieres to deprotonate the compound. This energy can be found on the passage tables most often. Change of Hf X->X^+ the higher the value the more energy required.
The stabilizing effects of the substituent can be determined from?
The relative stabilization energy (RSE), which should be found on a table. The more NEGATIVE the RSE, the greater the stabilization.
Carbocations are typically unstable due to their high concentration of positive charge. How can the become more stabilized? More distabilized?
Carbocations can become more stable if a substituent can contribute some electron density to the carbocation, that way the positive charge can be shared and stabilized.
A carbocation can become more unstable if an electron withdrawing group is added given that it would pull even more electron density from the carbocations destabilizing it further.
Where would a force applied in the ankle is more likely to result in injury?
Anterior force is what matters when it comes to ankle injury. This force requires a torque causing excessive translation or twist. Given that this force requires force it must be at some distance away from the point of rotation.
What are the moles of an acid titrated with a concentration of 2•10^-2M and according to the inflection, from the graph, the number of mL required were 7.5
The moles of the acid would be the molarity of the base times the mL used of the base. The tricky part was to find the mL from the inflection point.
2•10^-2 M•7.5mL => 15•10^-5
What are Km’s and Vmax patters for competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive inhibition?
Competitive: The inhibitor bonds to the free enzyme. The Km increases and the Vmax remains the same.
Non-competitive: The inhibitor binds to the ES complex or the free enzyme. At a different site from the active site. The Km remains the same and the Vmax decreases.
Uncompetitive: The inhibitor binds ONLY to the ES complex. Both the Km and Vmax are decrease.
A table such as this one shows what?
At this pH then, a thiol and a carboxyl groups would be?
The pH at which an inhibitor is strongest. The middle shows how much product was made. The lowest from the other ones.
The thiol will be protonated and the carboxyl will be deprotonated.
When working with that might react with oxygen or other gases, what gas would serve as a good artificial atmosphere?
Nitrogen gas would be ideal given that it is a very inert gas. Nitrogen gas makes up 80 percent of the gas we breathe, yet has no significant reactions with the our lungs, or with anything other than nitrogen fixing plants.
What is the bond angle of sp2 hybridized carbon with trigonal planar geometry?
120 degrees
What is the bond angle of an octahedral molecule with a hybridization of sp3d2?
The angle would be 90 degrees
What would be the angle of a tetrahedral molecule with hybridization of sp3?
The bond angle would be 109.5 degrees
What would be the bond angle of an sp hybridized linear molecule?
180 degrees
A circuit is constructed with a 12 V battery and four identical resistors, each with a resistance of 16 ohms, hooked up in parallel. What is the total power dissipated by the circuit?
Use the formula for resistance in parallel 1/Rtotal= 1/R1+1/R2… and Watts Power= V^2/R
1/Rtotal= 4/16= R=4ohms
Power= 12^2/ 4 + 36W
Give some examples of biological molecules that are derived from terpenes? And why?
Aldosterone and Estrogen. Terpenes are precursors to sterols. The majority of of steroid hormones have names that end in “-one”, “-en” or “-ol”
Which pIr of amino acids would best provide disulfide links?
Cysteine to Cysteine
Why are electrons passed on to oxygen gas in the electron transport chain? What does it tell us about the IRS standard reduction potential?
In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from species with less positive reduction potential to those with more positive reduction potentials.
Given that oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in the ETC, it must posses an standard reduction potential that is more positive than any other acceptor in the chain. THE MOST POSITIVE.
Consider the net reaction leading to the formation of fructose 6-phosphate from glucose and ATP. Change in Gibbs energy and Keq would be?
Negative and Keq will be larger than one since the products are favored.
A ray of white light strike the surface of water in a beaker. The index of refraction of the water is 1.33 and the angle of incidence is 30 degrees. What about the angle of refraction?
The angle of incidence always equals the angle of reflection.
When light enters a more dense medium it will bend towards the normal. With an angle of incidence of 30 degrees, the angle of refraction must be less than 30 degrees
What is the orbital hybridization of XeF4 and NH3?
Sp3d2 for XeF4 and sp3 for NH3
What is the Keq of EGFR+EGF–> EGFR-EGF if Ka is 5.61•10^6?
The same value as Ka
The rate of cation formation through deprotonate is directly related to ?
The rate of action formation is directly related to the energy requieres to deprotonate the compound. This energy can be found on the passage tables most often. Change of Hf X->X^+ the higher the value the more energy required.
The stabilizing effects of the substituent can be determined from?
The relative stabilization energy (RSE), which should be found on a table. The more NEGATIVE the RSE, the greater the stabilization.
Carbocations are typically unstable due to their high concentration of positive charge. How can the become more stabilized? More distabilized?
Carbocations can become more stable if a substituent can contribute some electron density to the carbocation, that way the positive charge can be shared and stabilized.
A carbocation can become more unstable if an electron withdrawing group is added given that it would pull even more electron density from the carbocations destabilizing it further.
Where would a force applied in the ankle is more likely to result in injury?
Anterior force is what matters when it comes to ankle injury. This force requires a torque causing excessive translation or twist. Given that this force requires force it must be at some distance away from the point of rotation.
What are the moles of an acid titrated with a concentration of 2•10^-2M and according to the inflection, from the graph, the number of mL required were 7.5
The moles of the acid would be the molarity of the base times the mL used of the base. The tricky part was to find the mL from the inflection point.
2•10^-2 M•7.5mL => 15•10^-5
What are Km’s and Vmax patters for competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive inhibition?
Competitive: The inhibitor bonds to the free enzyme. The Km increases and the Vmax remains the same.
Non-competitive: The inhibitor binds to the ES complex or the free enzyme. At a different site from the active site. The Km remains the same and the Vmax decreases.
Uncompetitive: The inhibitor binds ONLY to the ES complex. Both the Km and Vmax are decrease.
A table such as this one shows what?
At this pH then, a thiol and a carboxyl groups would be?
The pH at which an inhibitor is strongest. The middle shows how much product was made. The lowest from the other ones.
The thiol will be protonated and the carboxyl will be deprotonated.
When working with that might react with oxygen or other gases, what gas would serve as a good artificial atmosphere?
Nitrogen gas would be ideal given that it is a very inert gas. Nitrogen gas makes up 80 percent of the gas we breathe, yet has no significant reactions with the our lungs, or with anything other than nitrogen fixing plants.
What is the bond angle of sp2 hybridized carbon with trigonal planar geometry?
120 degrees
What is the bond angle of an octahedral molecule with a hybridization of sp3d2?
The angle would be 90 degrees
What would be the angle of a tetrahedral molecule with hybridization of sp3?
The bond angle would be 109.5 degrees
What would be the bond angle of an sp hybridized linear molecule?
180 degrees
A circuit is constructed with a 12 V battery and four identical resistors, each with a resistance of 16 ohms, hooked up in parallel. What is the total power dissipated by the circuit?
Use the formula for resistance in parallel 1/Rtotal= 1/R1+1/R2… and Watts Power= V^2/R
1/Rtotal= 4/16= R=4ohms
Power= 12^2/ 4 + 36W
Give some examples of biological molecules that are derived from terpenes? And why?
Aldosterone and Estrogen. Terpenes are precursors to sterols. The majority of of steroid hormones have names that end in “-one”, “-en” or “-ol”
Which pIr of amino acids would best provide disulfide links?
Cysteine to Cysteine
Why are electrons passed on to oxygen gas in the electron transport chain? What does it tell us about the IRS standard reduction potential?
In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from species with less positive reduction potential to those with more positive reduction potentials.
Given that oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in the ETC, it must posses an standard reduction potential that is more positive than any other acceptor in the chain. THE MOST POSITIVE.
Consider the net reaction leading to the formation of fructose 6-phosphate from glucose and ATP. Change in Gibbs energy and Keq would be?
Negative and Keq will be larger than one since the products are favored.
A ray of white light strike the surface of water in a beaker. The index of refraction of the water is 1.33 and the angle of incidence is 30 degrees. What about the angle of refraction?
The angle of incidence always equals the angle of reflection.
When light enters a more dense medium it will bend towards the normal. With an angle of incidence of 30 degrees, the angle of refraction must be less than 30 degrees
What is the orbital hybridization of XeF4 and NH3?
Sp3d2 for XeF4 and sp3 for NH3
What is the Keq of EGFR+EGF–> EGFR-EGF if Ka is 5.61•10^6?
The same value as Ka
The rate of cation formation through deprotonate is directly related to ?
The rate of action formation is directly related to the energy requieres to deprotonate the compound. This energy can be found on the passage tables most often. Change of Hf X->X^+ the higher the value the more energy required.
The stabilizing effects of the substituent can be determined from?
The relative stabilization energy (RSE), which should be found on a table. The more NEGATIVE the RSE, the greater the stabilization.
Carbocations are typically unstable due to their high concentration of positive charge. How can the become more stabilized? More distabilized?
Carbocations can become more stable if a substituent can contribute some electron density to the carbocation, that way the positive charge can be shared and stabilized.
A carbocation can become more unstable if an electron withdrawing group is added given that it would pull even more electron density from the carbocations destabilizing it further.
Where would a force applied in the ankle is more likely to result in injury?
Anterior force is what matters when it comes to ankle injury. This force requires a torque causing excessive translation or twist. Given that this force requires force it must be at some distance away from the point of rotation.
What are the moles of an acid titrated with a concentration of 2•10^-2M and according to the inflection, from the graph, the number of mL required were 7.5
The moles of the acid would be the molarity of the base times the mL used of the base. The tricky part was to find the mL from the inflection point.
2•10^-2 M•7.5mL => 15•10^-5
What are Km’s and Vmax patters for competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive inhibition?
Competitive: The inhibitor bonds to the free enzyme. The Km increases and the Vmax remains the same.
Non-competitive: The inhibitor binds to the ES complex or the free enzyme. At a different site from the active site. The Km remains the same and the Vmax decreases.
Uncompetitive: The inhibitor binds ONLY to the ES complex. Both the Km and Vmax are decrease.
A table such as this one shows what?
At this pH then, a thiol and a carboxyl groups would be?
The pH at which an inhibitor is strongest. The middle shows how much product was made. The lowest from the other ones.
The thiol will be protonated and the carboxyl will be deprotonated.
When working with that might react with oxygen or other gases, what gas would serve as a good artificial atmosphere?
Nitrogen gas would be ideal given that it is a very inert gas. Nitrogen gas makes up 80 percent of the gas we breathe, yet has no significant reactions with the our lungs, or with anything other than nitrogen fixing plants.
What is the bond angle of sp2 hybridized carbon with trigonal planar geometry?
120 degrees
What is the bond angle of an octahedral molecule with a hybridization of sp3d2?
The angle would be 90 degrees
What would be the angle of a tetrahedral molecule with hybridization of sp3?
The bond angle would be 109.5 degrees
What would be the bond angle of an sp hybridized linear molecule?
180 degrees
A circuit is constructed with a 12 V battery and four identical resistors, each with a resistance of 16 ohms, hooked up in parallel. What is the total power dissipated by the circuit?
Use the formula for resistance in parallel 1/Rtotal= 1/R1+1/R2… and Watts Power= V^2/R
1/Rtotal= 4/16= R=4ohms
Power= 12^2/ 4 + 36W
Give some examples of biological molecules that are derived from terpenes? And why?
Aldosterone and Estrogen. Terpenes are precursors to sterols. The majority of of steroid hormones have names that end in “-one”, “-en” or “-ol”
Which pIr of amino acids would best provide disulfide links?
Cysteine to Cysteine
Why are electrons passed on to oxygen gas in the electron transport chain? What does it tell us about the IRS standard reduction potential?
In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from species with less positive reduction potential to those with more positive reduction potentials.
Given that oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in the ETC, it must posses an standard reduction potential that is more positive than any other acceptor in the chain. THE MOST POSITIVE.
Consider the net reaction leading to the formation of fructose 6-phosphate from glucose and ATP. Change in Gibbs energy and Keq would be?
Negative and Keq will be larger than one since the products are favored.
A ray of white light strike the surface of water in a beaker. The index of refraction of the water is 1.33 and the angle of incidence is 30 degrees. What about the angle of refraction?
The angle of incidence always equals the angle of reflection.
When light enters a more dense medium it will bend towards the normal. With an angle of incidence of 30 degrees, the angle of refraction must be less than 30 degrees
What is the orbital hybridization of XeF4 and NH3?
Sp3d2 for XeF4 and sp3 for NH3
What is the Keq of EGFR+EGF–> EGFR-EGF if Ka is 5.61•10^6?
The same value as Ka
The rate of cation formation through deprotonate is directly related to ?
The rate of action formation is directly related to the energy requieres to deprotonate the compound. This energy can be found on the passage tables most often. Change of Hf X->X^+ the higher the value the more energy required.
The stabilizing effects of the substituent can be determined from?
The relative stabilization energy (RSE), which should be found on a table. The more NEGATIVE the RSE, the greater the stabilization.
Carbocations are typically unstable due to their high concentration of positive charge. How can the become more stabilized? More distabilized?
Carbocations can become more stable if a substituent can contribute some electron density to the carbocation, that way the positive charge can be shared and stabilized.
A carbocation can become more unstable if an electron withdrawing group is added given that it would pull even more electron density from the carbocations destabilizing it further.
Where would a force applied in the ankle is more likely to result in injury?
Anterior force is what matters when it comes to ankle injury. This force requires a torque causing excessive translation or twist. Given that this force requires force it must be at some distance away from the point of rotation.
What are the moles of an acid titrated with a concentration of 2•10^-2M and according to the inflection, from the graph, the number of mL required were 7.5
The moles of the acid would be the molarity of the base times the mL used of the base. The tricky part was to find the mL from the inflection point.
2•10^-2 M•7.5mL => 15•10^-5
What are Km’s and Vmax patters for competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive inhibition?
Competitive: The inhibitor bonds to the free enzyme. The Km increases and the Vmax remains the same.
Non-competitive: The inhibitor binds to the ES complex or the free enzyme. At a different site from the active site. The Km remains the same and the Vmax decreases.
Uncompetitive: The inhibitor binds ONLY to the ES complex. Both the Km and Vmax are decrease.
A table such as this one shows what?
At this pH then, a thiol and a carboxyl groups would be?
The pH at which an inhibitor is strongest. The middle shows how much product was made. The lowest from the other ones.
The thiol will be protonated and the carboxyl will be deprotonated.
When working with that might react with oxygen or other gases, what gas would serve as a good artificial atmosphere?
Nitrogen gas would be ideal given that it is a very inert gas. Nitrogen gas makes up 80 percent of the gas we breathe, yet has no significant reactions with the our lungs, or with anything other than nitrogen fixing plants.
What is the bond angle of sp2 hybridized carbon with trigonal planar geometry?
120 degrees
What is the bond angle of an octahedral molecule with a hybridization of sp3d2?
The angle would be 90 degrees
What would be the angle of a tetrahedral molecule with hybridization of sp3?
The bond angle would be 109.5 degrees
What would be the bond angle of an sp hybridized linear molecule?
180 degrees
A circuit is constructed with a 12 V battery and four identical resistors, each with a resistance of 16 ohms, hooked up in parallel. What is the total power dissipated by the circuit?
Use the formula for resistance in parallel 1/Rtotal= 1/R1+1/R2… and Watts Power= V^2/R
1/Rtotal= 4/16= R=4ohms
Power= 12^2/ 4 + 36W
Give some examples of biological molecules that are derived from terpenes? And why?
Aldosterone and Estrogen. Terpenes are precursors to sterols. The majority of of steroid hormones have names that end in “-one”, “-en” or “-ol”
Which pIr of amino acids would best provide disulfide links?
Cysteine to Cysteine
Why are electrons passed on to oxygen gas in the electron transport chain? What does it tell us about the IRS standard reduction potential?
In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from species with less positive reduction potential to those with more positive reduction potentials.
Given that oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in the ETC, it must posses an standard reduction potential that is more positive than any other acceptor in the chain. THE MOST POSITIVE.
Consider the net reaction leading to the formation of fructose 6-phosphate from glucose and ATP. Change in Gibbs energy and Keq would be?
Negative and Keq will be larger than one since the products are favored.
A ray of white light strike the surface of water in a beaker. The index of refraction of the water is 1.33 and the angle of incidence is 30 degrees. What about the angle of refraction?
The angle of incidence always equals the angle of reflection.
When light enters a more dense medium it will bend towards the normal. With an angle of incidence of 30 degrees, the angle of refraction must be less than 30 degrees
What is the orbital hybridization of XeF4 and NH3?
Sp3d2 for XeF4 and sp3 for NH3
What is the Keq of EGFR+EGF–> EGFR-EGF if Ka is 5.61•10^6?
The same value as Ka
The rate of cation formation through deprotonate is directly related to ?
The rate of action formation is directly related to the energy requieres to deprotonate the compound. This energy can be found on the passage tables most often. Change of Hf X->X^+ the higher the value the more energy required.
The stabilizing effects of the substituent can be determined from?
The relative stabilization energy (RSE), which should be found on a table. The more NEGATIVE the RSE, the greater the stabilization.
Carbocations are typically unstable due to their high concentration of positive charge. How can the become more stabilized? More distabilized?
Carbocations can become more stable if a substituent can contribute some electron density to the carbocation, that way the positive charge can be shared and stabilized.
A carbocation can become more unstable if an electron withdrawing group is added given that it would pull even more electron density from the carbocations destabilizing it further.
Where would a force applied in the ankle is more likely to result in injury?
Anterior force is what matters when it comes to ankle injury. This force requires a torque causing excessive translation or twist. Given that this force requires force it must be at some distance away from the point of rotation.
What are the moles of an acid titrated with a concentration of 2•10^-2M and according to the inflection, from the graph, the number of mL required were 7.5
The moles of the acid would be the molarity of the base times the mL used of the base. The tricky part was to find the mL from the inflection point.
2•10^-2 M•7.5mL => 15•10^-5
What are Km’s and Vmax patters for competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive inhibition?
Competitive: The inhibitor bonds to the free enzyme. The Km increases and the Vmax remains the same.
Non-competitive: The inhibitor binds to the ES complex or the free enzyme. At a different site from the active site. The Km remains the same and the Vmax decreases.
Uncompetitive: The inhibitor binds ONLY to the ES complex. Both the Km and Vmax are decrease.
A table such as this one shows what?
At this pH then, a thiol and a carboxyl groups would be?
The pH at which an inhibitor is strongest. The middle shows how much product was made. The lowest from the other ones.
The thiol will be protonated and the carboxyl will be deprotonated.
When working with that might react with oxygen or other gases, what gas would serve as a good artificial atmosphere?
Nitrogen gas would be ideal given that it is a very inert gas. Nitrogen gas makes up 80 percent of the gas we breathe, yet has no significant reactions with the our lungs, or with anything other than nitrogen fixing plants.
What is the bond angle of sp2 hybridized carbon with trigonal planar geometry?
120 degrees
What is the bond angle of an octahedral molecule with a hybridization of sp3d2?
The angle would be 90 degrees
What would be the angle of a tetrahedral molecule with hybridization of sp3?
The bond angle would be 109.5 degrees
What would be the bond angle of an sp hybridized linear molecule?
180 degrees
A circuit is constructed with a 12 V battery and four identical resistors, each with a resistance of 16 ohms, hooked up in parallel. What is the total power dissipated by the circuit?
Use the formula for resistance in parallel 1/Rtotal= 1/R1+1/R2… and Watts Power= V^2/R
1/Rtotal= 4/16= R=4ohms
Power= 12^2/ 4 + 36W
Give some examples of biological molecules that are derived from terpenes? And why?
Aldosterone and Estrogen. Terpenes are precursors to sterols. The majority of of steroid hormones have names that end in “-one”, “-en” or “-ol”
Which pIr of amino acids would best provide disulfide links?
Cysteine to Cysteine
Why are electrons passed on to oxygen gas in the electron transport chain? What does it tell us about the IRS standard reduction potential?
In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from species with less positive reduction potential to those with more positive reduction potentials.
Given that oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in the ETC, it must posses an standard reduction potential that is more positive than any other acceptor in the chain. THE MOST POSITIVE.
Consider the net reaction leading to the formation of fructose 6-phosphate from glucose and ATP. Change in Gibbs energy and Keq would be?
Negative and Keq will be larger than one since the products are favored.
A ray of white light strike the surface of water in a beaker. The index of refraction of the water is 1.33 and the angle of incidence is 30 degrees. What about the angle of refraction?
The angle of incidence always equals the angle of reflection.
When light enters a more dense medium it will bend towards the normal. With an angle of incidence of 30 degrees, the angle of refraction must be less than 30 degrees
What is the orbital hybridization of XeF4 and NH3?
Sp3d2 for XeF4 and sp3 for NH3
What is the Keq of EGFR+EGF–> EGFR-EGF if Ka is 5.61•10^6?
The same value as Ka
The rate of cation formation through deprotonate is directly related to ?
The rate of action formation is directly related to the energy requieres to deprotonate the compound. This energy can be found on the passage tables most often. Change of Hf X->X^+ the higher the value the more energy required.
The stabilizing effects of the substituent can be determined from?
The relative stabilization energy (RSE), which should be found on a table. The more NEGATIVE the RSE, the greater the stabilization.
Carbocations are typically unstable due to their high concentration of positive charge. How can the become more stabilized? More distabilized?
Carbocations can become more stable if a substituent can contribute some electron density to the carbocation, that way the positive charge can be shared and stabilized.
A carbocation can become more unstable if an electron withdrawing group is added given that it would pull even more electron density from the carbocations destabilizing it further.
Where would a force applied in the ankle is more likely to result in injury?
Anterior force is what matters when it comes to ankle injury. This force requires a torque causing excessive translation or twist. Given that this force requires force it must be at some distance away from the point of rotation.
What are the moles of an acid titrated with a concentration of 2•10^-2M and according to the inflection, from the graph, the number of mL required were 7.5
The moles of the acid would be the molarity of the base times the mL used of the base. The tricky part was to find the mL from the inflection point.
2•10^-2 M•7.5mL => 15•10^-5
What are Km’s and Vmax patters for competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive inhibition?
Competitive: The inhibitor bonds to the free enzyme. The Km increases and the Vmax remains the same.
Non-competitive: The inhibitor binds to the ES complex or the free enzyme. At a different site from the active site. The Km remains the same and the Vmax decreases.
Uncompetitive: The inhibitor binds ONLY to the ES complex. Both the Km and Vmax are decrease.
A table such as this one shows what?
At this pH then, a thiol and a carboxyl groups would be?
The pH at which an inhibitor is strongest. The middle shows how much product was made. The lowest from the other ones.
The thiol will be protonated and the carboxyl will be deprotonated.
When working with that might react with oxygen or other gases, what gas would serve as a good artificial atmosphere?
Nitrogen gas would be ideal given that it is a very inert gas. Nitrogen gas makes up 80 percent of the gas we breathe, yet has no significant reactions with the our lungs, or with anything other than nitrogen fixing plants.
What is the bond angle of sp2 hybridized carbon with trigonal planar geometry?
120 degrees
What is the bond angle of an octahedral molecule with a hybridization of sp3d2?
The angle would be 90 degrees
What would be the angle of a tetrahedral molecule with hybridization of sp3?
The bond angle would be 109.5 degrees
What would be the bond angle of an sp hybridized linear molecule?
180 degrees
A circuit is constructed with a 12 V battery and four identical resistors, each with a resistance of 16 ohms, hooked up in parallel. What is the total power dissipated by the circuit?
Use the formula for resistance in parallel 1/Rtotal= 1/R1+1/R2… and Watts Power= V^2/R
1/Rtotal= 4/16= R=4ohms
Power= 12^2/ 4 + 36W
Give some examples of biological molecules that are derived from terpenes? And why?
Aldosterone and Estrogen. Terpenes are precursors to sterols. The majority of of steroid hormones have names that end in “-one”, “-en” or “-ol”
Which pIr of amino acids would best provide disulfide links?
Cysteine to Cysteine
Why are electrons passed on to oxygen gas in the electron transport chain? What does it tell us about the IRS standard reduction potential?
In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from species with less positive reduction potential to those with more positive reduction potentials.
Given that oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in the ETC, it must posses an standard reduction potential that is more positive than any other acceptor in the chain. THE MOST POSITIVE.
Consider the net reaction leading to the formation of fructose 6-phosphate from glucose and ATP. Change in Gibbs energy and Keq would be?
Negative and Keq will be larger than one since the products are favored.
A ray of white light strike the surface of water in a beaker. The index of refraction of the water is 1.33 and the angle of incidence is 30 degrees. What about the angle of refraction?
The angle of incidence always equals the angle of reflection.
When light enters a more dense medium it will bend towards the normal. With an angle of incidence of 30 degrees, the angle of refraction must be less than 30 degrees
What is the orbital hybridization of XeF4 and NH3?
Sp3d2 for XeF4 and sp3 for NH3
What is the Keq of EGFR+EGF–> EGFR-EGF if Ka is 5.61•10^6?
The same value as Ka
The rate of cation formation through deprotonate is directly related to ?
The rate of action formation is directly related to the energy requieres to deprotonate the compound. This energy can be found on the passage tables most often. Change of Hf X->X^+ the higher the value the more energy required.
The stabilizing effects of the substituent can be determined from?
The relative stabilization energy (RSE), which should be found on a table. The more NEGATIVE the RSE, the greater the stabilization.
Carbocations are typically unstable due to their high concentration of positive charge. How can the become more stabilized? More distabilized?
Carbocations can become more stable if a substituent can contribute some electron density to the carbocation, that way the positive charge can be shared and stabilized.
A carbocation can become more unstable if an electron withdrawing group is added given that it would pull even more electron density from the carbocations destabilizing it further.
Where would a force applied in the ankle is more likely to result in injury?
Anterior force is what matters when it comes to ankle injury. This force requires a torque causing excessive translation or twist. Given that this force requires force it must be at some distance away from the point of rotation.
What are the moles of an acid titrated with a concentration of 2•10^-2M and according to the inflection, from the graph, the number of mL required were 7.5
The moles of the acid would be the molarity of the base times the mL used of the base. The tricky part was to find the mL from the inflection point.
2•10^-2 M•7.5mL => 15•10^-5
What are Km’s and Vmax patters for competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive inhibition?
Competitive: The inhibitor bonds to the free enzyme. The Km increases and the Vmax remains the same.
Non-competitive: The inhibitor binds to the ES complex or the free enzyme. At a different site from the active site. The Km remains the same and the Vmax decreases.
Uncompetitive: The inhibitor binds ONLY to the ES complex. Both the Km and Vmax are decrease.
A table such as this one shows what?
At this pH then, a thiol and a carboxyl groups would be?
The pH at which an inhibitor is strongest. The middle shows how much product was made. The lowest from the other ones.
The thiol will be protonated and the carboxyl will be deprotonated.
When working with that might react with oxygen or other gases, what gas would serve as a good artificial atmosphere?
Nitrogen gas would be ideal given that it is a very inert gas. Nitrogen gas makes up 80 percent of the gas we breathe, yet has no significant reactions with the our lungs, or with anything other than nitrogen fixing plants.
What is the bond angle of sp2 hybridized carbon with trigonal planar geometry?
120 degrees
What is the bond angle of an octahedral molecule with a hybridization of sp3d2?
The angle would be 90 degrees
What would be the angle of a tetrahedral molecule with hybridization of sp3?
The bond angle would be 109.5 degrees
What would be the bond angle of an sp hybridized linear molecule?
180 degrees
A circuit is constructed with a 12 V battery and four identical resistors, each with a resistance of 16 ohms, hooked up in parallel. What is the total power dissipated by the circuit?
Use the formula for resistance in parallel 1/Rtotal= 1/R1+1/R2… and Watts Power= V^2/R
1/Rtotal= 4/16= R=4ohms
Power= 12^2/ 4 + 36W
Give some examples of biological molecules that are derived from terpenes? And why?
Aldosterone and Estrogen. Terpenes are precursors to sterols. The majority of of steroid hormones have names that end in “-one”, “-en” or “-ol”
Which pIr of amino acids would best provide disulfide links?
Cysteine to Cysteine
Why are electrons passed on to oxygen gas in the electron transport chain? What does it tell us about the IRS standard reduction potential?
In the electron transport chain, electrons are passed from species with less positive reduction potential to those with more positive reduction potentials.
Given that oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in the ETC, it must posses an standard reduction potential that is more positive than any other acceptor in the chain. THE MOST POSITIVE.
Consider the net reaction leading to the formation of fructose 6-phosphate from glucose and ATP. Change in Gibbs energy and Keq would be?
Negative and Keq will be larger than one since the products are favored.
A ray of white light strike the surface of water in a beaker. The index of refraction of the water is 1.33 and the angle of incidence is 30 degrees. What about the angle of refraction?
The angle of incidence always equals the angle of reflection.
When light enters a more dense medium it will bend towards the normal. With an angle of incidence of 30 degrees, the angle of refraction must be less than 30 degrees
What is the orbital hybridization of XeF4 and NH3?
Sp3d2 for XeF4 and sp3 for NH3
What is the Keq of EGFR+EGF–> EGFR-EGF if Ka is 5.61•10^6?
The same value as Ka
The rate of cation formation through deprotonate is directly related to ?
The rate of action formation is directly related to the energy requieres to deprotonate the compound. This energy can be found on the passage tables most often. Change of Hf X->X^+ the higher the value the more energy required.
The stabilizing effects of the substituent can be determined from?
The relative stabilization energy (RSE), which should be found on a table. The more NEGATIVE the RSE, the greater the stabilization.
Carbocations are typically unstable due to their high concentration of positive charge. How can the become more stabilized? More distabilized?
Carbocations can become more stable if a substituent can contribute some electron density to the carbocation, that way the positive charge can be shared and stabilized.
A carbocation can become more unstable if an electron withdrawing group is added given that it would pull even more electron density from the carbocations destabilizing it further.
Where would a force applied in the ankle is more likely to result in injury?
Anterior force is what matters when it comes to ankle injury. This force requires a torque causing excessive translation or twist. Given that this force requires force it must be at some distance away from the point of rotation.
What are the moles of an acid titrated with a concentration of 2•10^-2M and according to the inflection, from the graph, the number of mL required were 7.5
The moles of the acid would be the molarity of the base times the mL used of the base. The tricky part was to find the mL from the inflection point.
2•10^-2 M•7.5mL => 15•10^-5
What are Km’s and Vmax patters for competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive inhibition?
Competitive: The inhibitor bonds to the free enzyme. The Km increases and the Vmax remains the same.
Non-competitive: The inhibitor binds to the ES complex or the free enzyme. At a different site from the active site. The Km remains the same and the Vmax decreases.
Uncompetitive: The inhibitor binds ONLY to the ES complex. Both the Km and Vmax are decrease.
A table such as this one shows what?
At this pH then, a thiol and a carboxyl groups would be?
The pH at which an inhibitor is strongest. The middle shows how much product was made. The lowest from the other ones.
The thiol will be protonated and the carboxyl will be deprotonated.
