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MCAT > Psych section bank > Flashcards

Psych section bank Flashcards

1
Q

Repeating digits immediately presented to a specific ear is an example of?

A

Shadowing.

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2
Q

The role of the hypothalamus is to?

A

Maintain homeostasis through the release of hormones, not of cognition.

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3
Q

If glucose metabolism is observed in the fetal brain after exposure to a compound.What does it mean?

A

It means that the compound (sometimes a drug) is pharmacological active in the fetal brain.

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4
Q

Instinctual drift refers to

A

The phenomenon whereby established habits, learned using operant techniques, enetually are replaced by innate food-related behaviors. Is what a trainer would like to avoid when trianing a rabbit for a tv commercial.

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5
Q

The serial position bias refers to?

A

Primacy and recency effects comprise the serial position effect.

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6
Q

Hindsight bias refers to?

A

hindsight bias, also known as the knew-it-all-along effect or creeping determinism, is the inclination, after an event has occurred, to see the event as having been predictable, despite there having been little or no objective basis for predicting it.

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7
Q

Aging does not affect what type of memory?

A

Semantic memory, and crystallized intelligense

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8
Q

Declarative information people have of specific experiences is also known as?

A

Episodic memory.

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9
Q

What are some agents of socialization?

A

popular culture like music, schools, family, and religion. Sociologists use the term agents of socialization to refer to parts of society that are important for socialization.

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10
Q

Cultural lag refers to?

A

cultural lag refers to the notion that culture takes time to catch up with technological innovations, and that social problems and conflicts are caused by this lag.

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11
Q

Cultural transmission refers to?

A

culture that is passed along from generation to generation through various child bearing practices.

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12
Q

Proximal stimulus refers to?

A

The stimulus registered by the sensory receptors. The pattern of light falling on the retina.

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13
Q

Incentive stimulus

A

Stimulus that leads to action.

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14
Q

Distal stimulus vs. proximal

A

Distal Stimulus is any physical object or event in the external world that reflects light. This light or energy, called the proximal stimulus, is what excites the receptors on our eyes, leading to visual perception.

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15
Q

Grouping by similarity would result in?

A

Grouping of objects that look alike during perceptual processing.

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16
Q

Gestalt psychological theory said what about the principles of of perceptual organization?

A

People’s perceptual experience is the from how human brains are organized.

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17
Q

Partial report technique

A

l

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18
Q

Word association testing

A

l

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19
Q

Psychophysical discrimination testing

A

l

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20
Q

Operational span testing

A

l

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21
Q

Practice effects

A

l

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22
Q

Feature detectors

A

l

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23
Q

Flashbulb memory refers to?

A

Coined by Brown and Kulik (1977) they found that people claimed to remember details of that they were doing when they received news about an emotionally arousing event.

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24
Q

Memory report that is inaccurate, but expressed with extreme confidence is what type of memory?

A

False memories can be observed both in real-world and laboratory settings, and they are generally given with high confidence.

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25
Q

Promoting social welfare is what stage of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development?

A

Moral reasoning at the postconventional level.

26
Q

The life course approach to health puts forward that?

A

The life course approach, is a holistic perspective that call attention to developmental processes and other experiences across a person’s life. For example, earlier life exposures can influence later disease risk.

27
Q

Race and ethnicity are a … characteritic whereas education is a … one?

A

Demographic and socioeconomic.

28
Q

Insecure attachment refers to?

A

l

29
Q

Incentive theory refers to?

A

The incentive theory of motivation call attention to how factors outside of individual, including community values and other aspects of culture can motivate behavior. Incentive theory refers to motivational aspects from outside the individual.

rive, humanistic, and psychoanalytic refer to motivational factors within the individual.

30
Q

Social epidemiology of disease refers to?

A

Address the social determinants of disease specifically.

31
Q

Social epidemiology of disease refers to?

A

Address the social determinants of disease specifically. Supplements the biomedical approach quite well as well.

32
Q

The cultural capital refers to?

A

Knowledge, skills, education, and similar characteristics that are used to make distinctions and that are associated with differences in social status.

33
Q

Confirmation bias refers to?

A

the tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one’s existing beliefs or theories.

34
Q

Social cognitive theory refers to?

A

Previously known as social learning, social cognition suggests that behaviors are learned through observing others and modeling their actions.

35
Q

Intersectionality calls attention to?

A

How identities categories intersect in systems of social stratification. For example, an individual’s position within a social hierarchy is determined not only by his or her social class, but also by his or her race/ethnicity.

Intersectionality can also refer to intersections involving other identity categories such as age, gender, or sexual orientation.

36
Q

The inverse pyramid shape represent s that a poplation size is likely to?

A

The overall size of the population is likely to decrease.

37
Q

The demographic transition theory refers to?

A

The changes in the birth rate and the death rate that are asociated with economic development (specifically, related to industrialization). The typical pattern begins with a drop in the death rate, leading to population growth, followed by a drop in the birth rate, leading to population stabilization.

38
Q

Stage two of sleep is characterized by?

A

Sleep spindles.

39
Q

The universal emotions include?

A

Fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, happiness, anger

40
Q

Stranger anxiety is began between at what age?

A

Stranger anxiety or the fear of strangers begins to express itself around the age of 8 MONTHS

41
Q

place theory refers to?

A

Place theory is the theory that posits that individuals are able to hear different pitchers because different sound waves trigger activity at different places along the cochlear basilar membrane.

42
Q

Parallel processing refers to?

A

A concept that involves the visual system that…

43
Q

Interposition refers to?

A

A concept that involves the visual system that…

44
Q

Accommodation ref ers to?

A

A concept that involves the visual system that…

45
Q

Neurotransmiter release must do what to the postsynaptic membrane?

A

It should depolarize the postsynaptic neuron and exceed the membrane potential threshold

46
Q

The periphery of the retina contains?

A

A high density of rods , which are more photosensitive and can detect dim light.

47
Q

A correlation of 0.38+ shows?

A

a potential common factor, but with a significant degree of potential error.

48
Q

Counterbalancing is used for?

A

Controlling any effect that the order of presenting stimuli might have on the dependent variable.

49
Q

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are?

A

Negative symptoms include the appropriate behavior that should be there, but are not such as emotional flattening.

50
Q

Negative priming requires the use of what kind of memory?

A

Implicit memory.

51
Q

Neuroleptics can cause?

A

Neuroleptics are effective at treating the positive symptoms of schizophrenia, but they also cause cognitive dulling, which can exacerbate the negative symptoms.

52
Q

Fluid intelligence refers to?

A

The ability to think in one’s feet, be adaptable, and solve problems using deductive and inductive reasoning.

53
Q

Both schizophrenia and Alzheimer disease patients show problems with?

A

Verbal fluency and negative priming tasks (implicit memory tasks).

54
Q

Long-term exposure to stressful events leads to?

A

Can lead to the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). GAS is a model of the body’s stress response that consists of three stages: Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

55
Q

Dependent stressor refers to?

A

The isolation that stems from the excessive need for reassurance.

56
Q

Dependent and independent stressors differ from one another in that?

A

Dependent stressors are in a reciprocal relationship they both influnce depression and can be influenced by it.

Independent stressors are unidirectionally related to depressions because stressor leads to depressive symptom. Because independent stressor are assumed to occur independently of any person experiencing the stress.

57
Q

The brains capacity for for parallel processing process what information without effort? Which one requires effort?

A

Frequency, space, and time are processed without effort.

Novel information requires effort to e processed.

58
Q

Signal detection theory refers to?

A

That the detection of a stimulus is not only dependent on its strengths, but also on the psychological state of the individual.

59
Q

Research has found that people under state of dissoance?

A

People more likely to change their beliefs to be in line with their behavior than change their behaviors to be in line with their beliefs.

60
Q

exchange theory refers to?

A

decision making via cost-benefit analyses. Similalrly, indicuals are motivated to engage in behaviors that produce rewards and incentives.

61
Q

Performance approach outcomes can be conceptualized as?

A

Formal or infomral sanctions, which can include rewards or punishments.

62
Q

A contructionist understanding of geneder asserts that?

A

As a dynamic, fluid and subject to the processes of meaning-making and collective definition building.

MCAT (27 decks)

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