6.1 Book Flashcards
(22 cards)
Heredity
the study of inheritance: the genetic transmission of characteristics from one generation to the next.
Genetics
the study of mechanisms and patterns of inheritance through the transmission of coded chemical instructions.
Gene
A unit of heredity, in a section of DNA which codes for a protein.
DNA
Stores information that influences specific aspects of an organism’s growth and function. Deoxyribonucleic acid.
Double helix
spiral shaped DNA molecule
Nucleotide
The basic building block of DNA containing 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
Hydrogen bond
a weak molecular chemical bond holding the bond between two opposing base pairs.
Complementary bases
The nucleotide bases which pair on the opposite strands of DNA. T pairs with C. A pairs with T.
Base pair
two complementary base pairs that join together by hydrogen bonding.
Histones
proteins that wind up around DNA to form a chromosome.
Chromosomes
comprises of double stranded DNA molecules which physically carry genes from one generation to the next.
Coding DNA
a sequence of DNA that codes for a particular protein
Non-coding DNA
a sequence of DNA that doesn’t code however has many other functions such as packing DNA into chromosomes.
DNA sequence
The order of a nucleotide bases within a DNA molecule.
Alleles
a different version of the same gene.
Regulatory elements
segments of non-coding DNA which switch on or off the production of protein from a gene.
Genome size
the total number of base pairs of DNA in a prokaryotic cell or in the haploid set of chromosomes of a eukaryote cell.
Genomics
the study of genomes. How genes interact with other genes and the environment. The resultant protein produced.
Proteomics
the study of the entire protein content produced by a cell, tissue or organism.
Bioinformatics
managing and analysing biological data using advanced technology.
Genome
All the genetic material in an organisms cells
Nitrogenous bases
A structural component of nucleotides. Adenine, cytosine, thymine, guanine
