6.2 Book Flashcards
(17 cards)
Somatic cells
A normal body cell.
Diploid
having a full set of chromosomes containing two haploid sets of chromosomes in each cell (2n).
Haploid
having a single set of chromosomes (n).
Homologous chromosome
a pair of chromosomes with the same size, shape structure, banding pattern, and chromosome position.
Locus
the location and position of a gene on a chromosome.
Autosomes
the matched pair of chromosomes.
Sex chromosomes
a pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual.
Heterosome
non-identical chromosomes, that pair up during meiosis e.g. X and Y chromosomes
Sex-linked
genes found on the sex chromosome
Monoploid
a cell or organism that consists of one copy of each chromosome as a functional genome. (1n).
Triploid
having 3 haploid sets of chromosomes in each cell. (3n).
Tetraploid
having 4 haploid sets of chromosomes in each cell. (4n).
Polyploid
a genome consisting of 3 or more copies of each chromosome. (3n),(4n),(5n).
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
The DNA contained in the mitochondria
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA)
The DNA contained in the chloroplast
Nucleoid
A distinct area where genetic material is held.
Plasmid
a small circular piece of DNA, found in bacteria which is able to replicate independently of the cell’s chromosomes.
