7.1

Question 1

Inheritance

Answer 1

The genetic acquisition of characteristics by offspring from their parents

Question 2

Mendelian genetics

Answer 2

An explanation of patterns of inheritance based on the discoveries of Gregor Mendel and his statistical analysis and breeding experiments on pea plants

Question 3

Pure breeding

Answer 3

Describes a line of organisms that, when crossed with each other, always produce offspring with the same phenotype

Question 4

Parental generation (P)

Answer 4

Two organisms that represent the start of a breeding experiment; their offspring are the F1 generation

Question 5

First filial generation (F1)

Answer 5

The first generation of offspring produced from a cross between two pure breeding parents with different phenotypes for the same trait

Question 6

Second filial generation (F2)

Answer 6

Offspring of the F1 generation; the second generation produced from a cross between two homozygous parents

Question 7

Dominant

Answer 7

Describes a phenotype that requires only one copy of the allele for a dominant trait in an individual for it to be expressed

Question 8

Recessive

Answer 8

Describes a phenotype that requires two copies of the allele of the gene to be expressed

Question 9

Homozygous

Answer 9

A genotype with two identical alleles for a single gene locus

Question 10

Genotype

Answer 10

A specific combination of alleles for a locus belonging to an individual or cell

Question 11

Trait

Answer 11

A heritable characteristic; phenotype

Question 12

Phenotype

Answer 12

The characteristics expressed in an organism determined by their genotype and influenced by factors in their environment and epigenetic factors

Question 13

Purebred

Answer 13

Refers to an organism that has two identical alleles for a gene and produces offspring with the same phenotype as the parent over many generations

Question 14

Heterozygous

Answer 14

A genotype with two different alleles for a single gene locus