Ch 7: memory

Question 1

The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

Answer 1

Memory

Question 2

The process of getting information into the memory sense

Answer 2

Encoding

Question 3

The process of getting information out of memory stage

Answer 3

Retrieval

Question 4

Atkinson and Shriffin’s three step model

Answer 4

We form memories in three stages: sensory memory; short term; long term

Question 5

A newer understanding of short term memory that adds conscious, active processing, and info retrieval from long term memory

Answer 5

Working memory

Question 6

The process of retaining encoded info over time

Answer 6

Storage

Question 7

The immediate very brief recording of sensory info in the memory system; first stage in forming explicit memories

Answer 7

Sensory memory

Question 8

Activated memory that holds few items briefly (such as 7 digit phone number while calling) before the info is stored or forgotten

Answer 8

Short term memory

Question 9

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills and experience

Answer 9

Long term memory

Question 10

Retention of learned skills without conscious awareness

Answer 10

Implicit memory

Question 11

Retention of facts and personal events you can consciously retrieve; we encode these through effortful processing

Answer 11

Explicit memory

Question 12

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

Answer 12

Effortful processing

Question 13

Unconscious encoding of everyday info such as space, time, frequency, and of well learned info such as word meanings

Answer 13

Automatic processing

Question 14

3 types of automatic processing

Answer 14

Space, time, frequency

Question 15

Processing of many aspects of a problem at the same time; brains natural mode of info processing of many functions

Answer 15

Parallel processing

Question 16

Organizing items into familiar manageable units; often automatically

Answer 16

Chunking

Question 17

Memory aids especially techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

Answer 17

Mnemonics

Question 18

The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield long term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice

Answer 18

Spacing effect

Question 19

Enhanced memory after retrieving rather than simply rereading info

Answer 19

Testing effect

Question 20

Explicit memory of facts and general knowledge; one of our two conscious memory systems

Answer 20

Semantic memory

Question 21

Explicit memory of personally experienced events; one of our two conscious memory systems

Answer 21

Episodic memory

Question 22

Retrieving info out of storage into conscious awareness (fill in blank question)

Answer 22

Recall

Question 23

Identifying items you previously learned (a multiple choice question)

Answer 23

Recognition

Question 24

Learning something more quickly when u learn it a second time

Answer 24

Relearning

Question 25

The activation, often consciously, of particular associations in memory

Answer 25

Priming

Question 26

Our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list

Answer 26

Serial position effect

Question 27

A process in which previously stored memories, when retrieved, are potentially altered before being stored again

Answer 27

Reconsolidation

Question 28

When a memory has been corrupted by misleading info

Answer 28

Misinformation effect

Question 29

Cues from the current situation may unconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience

Answer 29

Deja vu

Question 30

The backward acting disruptive effect on newer learning on the recall of older information

Answer 30

Retroactive interference