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Psychology > Ch 8: Thinking, Lang, Intell > Flashcards

Ch 8: Thinking, Lang, Intell Flashcards

1
Q

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating

A

Cognition

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2
Q

A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas or people

A

Concept

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3
Q

A mental image or best example of a category

A

Prototype

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4
Q

A methodical logical rule or procedure that guarantees you will solve a particular problem

A

Algorithm

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5
Q

A simple thinking strategy that often allows you to make a judgment and solve problems efficiently

A

Heuristic

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6
Q

A sudden realization of the solution to a problem; contrasts with strategy based solutions

A

Insight

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7
Q

A tendency to seek evidence for our ideas more eagerly than we seek evidence against them

A

Confirmation bias

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8
Q

The inability to see a problem from a new perspective

A

Fixation

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9
Q

Estimating how common an event is based on its mental availability; when an event comes readily to mind, we assume it must be common

A

Availability heuristic

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10
Q

The tendency to be more confident than correct (overestimate)

A

Overconfidence

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11
Q

Clinging to beliefs even after evidence has proven them wrong

A

Belief perseverance

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12
Q

The way an issue is posed; can significantly affect decisions and judgments

A

Framing

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13
Q

Narrowing the available solutions to determine the single best solution to a problem

A

Convergent thinking

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14
Q

Expanding the number of possible solutions to a problem; creative thinking that branches out in different directions

A

Divergent thinking

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15
Q

A general intelligence factor that underlies specific mental abilities and is measured by every task on an intelligence test; Spearman

A

General intelligence (g)

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16
Q

A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill such as drawing

A

Savant syndrome

17
Q

The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

A

Emotional intelligence

18
Q

Our abilities are classified into 8 or 9 independent intelligences which include a broad range of skills beyond traditional school smarts

A

Gardners multiple intelligences

19
Q

Our intelligence is best classified into three areas that predict real world success: analytical, creative, and practical

A

Sternbergs triarchic theory

20
Q

A test designed to assess what a person has learned

A

Achievement test

21
Q

A test designed to predict a persons future performance

A

Aptitude test

22
Q

A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age

A

Mental age

23
Q

The widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test (Terman at Stanford)

A

Stanford-Binet

24
Q

The most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and nonverbal subtests

A

WAIS

25
Q

Defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretreated group

A

Standardization

26
Q

The extent to which a test yields consistent results

A

Reliability

27
Q

The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

A

Validity

28
Q

The portion of variation in a group that we can attribute to genes; may vary depending on population and environment

A

Heritability

29
Q

Research in which people of different ages are compared with one another

A

Cross sectional study

30
Q

Research in which the same people are testified and retested over a long time

A

Longitudinal study

31
Q

Your accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

A

Crystallized intelligence

32
Q

Ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease with age

A

Fluid intelligence

33
Q

The mental ability to learn from experience, solve problems and use knowledge in new situations

A

Intelligence

34
Q

4 components of emotional intelligence

A

Perceiving, understanding, managing, and using emotions

Psychology (14 decks)

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