Acid-Base - Ex 5 Flashcards
Three body buffers
- HCO3
- Proteins (Hgb 80%, plasma proteins 20%), primarily intracellular
- Phosphates
Renal regulation of acid-base balance (4)
- Resorb all HCO3
- Regenerate HCO3
- Regulated production of NH3
- combines with H+ to make NH4+ - Normally, minimal HCO3 is secreted
Acid-base evaluation - First…
Look at pH
increase = alkalosis
decrease = acidosis
Acid-base evaluation - Second…
Has metabolic or respiratory component or both changed in the SAME direction as pH?
inc CO2 –> acid change
dec CO2 –> alkaline change
inc HCO3 –> alkaline change
dec HCO3 –> acid change
Low pH
Low HCO3
Metabolic acidosis (at least)
High pH
Low pCO2
Respiratory alkalosis
Low pH
Low HCO3
High pCO2
mixed metabolic and respiratory acidosis
Acid-base evaluation - Third…
Look for compensatory change
Has metabolic or respiratory component changed in an OPPOSITE direction from pH?
Low pH
Low HCO3
Low pCO2
Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation
What happens quicker, resp or metabolic compensation?
Resp compensation happens quickly (hours)
Metabolic compensation happens slower (days)
If compensation is inadequate…
then there may be a problem in the compensatory organ
if compensation is too much… of falls short of the expected level
there might be a mixed disorder
Metabolic Acidosis
Loss of H and Cl rich fluid –> results in decreased HCO3
- Gastric vomiting - loss to outside
- Proximal GI obstruction - “loss” in stomach
- Displaced abomasum - “loss in abomasum, omasum, reticulum, rumen
- Sweating - horses
Paradoxic acuduria
Gastric vomiting
Prox GI obstruction
Displaced abomasum
Heavy sweating in horses
Dehydration with low Cl
Kidney reabsorbs Na and excretes H–> urine is acidic
Hypochloremia can lead to…
Alkalosis
