Fluid Analysis - Ex 6 Flashcards
Transudation
Normal, non-inflammatory fluid accumulation
Hypoalbuminemia –> low oncotic pressure
High hydrostatic pressure
**Changes in starlings law
Exudation
Inflammatory - increased vascular permeability due to inflammation
(infectious or non-infectious)
Other specific causes of effusion (4)
- Hemorrhagic
- Chylous
- Neoplastic
- Uroabdomen
Value and Cell counts - Transudate
TP: <2.5
NCC: <1500
Predom cell type: MO
*low oncotic pressure, increased hydrostatic pressure
Value and Cell counts - “Modified Transudate”
TP: >2.5
NCC: <5000 ***
Predom cell type: MO
Higher protein than transudate, but NCC is low
Value and Cell counts - Exudate
TP: >2.5
NCC: >5000
Predom cell type: Neut/MO/or other
**Inflammation/other
Mesothelial Cells
*The bane of body cavity fluid cytology
**can look like epithelial neoplasia but really is round cell tumor
Uroabdomen
Low protein, low cell count at first (looks like transudate at first)
*Measure creatinine of fluid –> if higher than serum = uroabdomen
Chylous
Rupture of thoracic duct in thorax or abdomen
Can measure triglyceride concentration in fluid
*if higher than serum triglycerides = chylous
Occurs secondary to trauma, tumor, idiopathic
*Pink of white colored fluid –> cannot centrifuge to clear
Hemorrhagic
Rupture of spleen: hematoma or hemangiosarcoma
Rupture of liver
Rupture of heart based tumor
*Will see PCV close to that of peripheral blood (LOTS of RBCs)
Hemosiderin containing MOs
3 types of inflammation
- Suppurative (Neuts)
- Mixed (seg, lymphs, MO, maybe eos)
- Mononuclear (MO, lymphs)
Cell types encountered in neoplastic effusions
Lymphoblasts
Carcinoma cells
Joint fluid analysis
Inflammatory
- suppurative
- usually immune-mediated dz
- if septic, difficult to see bacteria
Mononuclear
*degenerative dz or trauma
