Blood Transfusion and Match - Ex 2

Question 1

Normovolemic

Answer 1

replace with pRBCs

Question 2

Hypovolemic

Answer 2

aggressive fluid replacement with pRBCs or WB

Question 3

Whole blood unites

Answer 3

Contain everything

Question 4

Fresh WB

Answer 4

Use/process w/in 6 hrs

Collected in house

Question 5

Stored WB

Answer 5

Use/process w/in ~1 month

Contains everything BUT lacks labile clotting factors and platelets

Question 6

CPDA-1

Answer 6

Anticoagulent

Shelf life: 35 days WB, 3 weeks pRBCs

Question 7

Heparin

Answer 7

Anticoagulent

Shelf life: NONE! have to use immediately

*used for cats or small spp

Question 8

pRBCs

Answer 8

Contains red cells, scant plasma

use w.in 3 weeks

Commonly used with FFP if acute blood loss with CS and/or active bleeding or planned sx

Question 9

Fresh or Fresh Frozen Plasma

Answer 9

Contains all coagulation factors

Use w/in 6 hrs

*For coagulopathies

Question 10

Frozen Plasma

Answer 10

Contains stable factors

Question 11

Cryoprecipitates

Answer 11

Contains higher levels of labile coag factors

Use w.in 1-1.5 yrs

Question 12

Acute blood loss

Answer 12

WB or pRBCs and crystalloids

Question 13

Defect of hemostasis/coagulation

Answer 13

FFP, Fresh WB or Plasma, or CryoPP

Question 14

Hypoproteinemia or severe thrombocytopenia

Answer 14

Can’t really corrected with transfusion

Question 15

Principle of blood typing

Answer 15

Abs to KNOWN RBC ANTIGENS are used as typing

RBCs to be typed are added to known Abs and mixed

Agglutination = positive result

No agglutination = negative result

Question 16

IMHA and blood typing

Answer 16

IMHA would cause a false AB typing result in a cat

Question 17

Felines and transfusion..

Answer 17

Giving type A blood to type B cat = fatal

Question 18

Universal donor/recipient - cats

Answer 18

NO universal donor

Universal recipient is AB

Question 19

Naturally occurring Abs

Answer 19

Abs against RB antigens occur due to exposure to environmental allergens (e.g. microorganisms)

Type B cats have strong natural anti-A Abs

Question 20

Principles of Cross-matching

Answer 20

Detects presence of Abs

Does NOT blood type!

Question 21

Major X-match

Answer 21

patient SERUM & donor RBC

Match = no agglutination

Question 22

Minor X-match

Answer 22

donor SERUM & patient RBC

• not very important in dogs
• *should be done in cats

Question 23

Collecting samples - patient

Answer 23

Red cells in EDTA tube

Serum from clot tube

Question 24

Collecting samples - donor

Answer 24

On-site donor via venipuncture and placed in EDTA

Donor unit tubing has pigtails that can be cut/torn off and used for testing prior to transfusion

Question 25

X-match for repeat transfusion

Answer 25

Most labs recommend re-XM with freshly obtained blood for additional transfusions at 4 days post-transfusion

Question 26

Do you need to XM prior to transfusion of 1st unit in dogs?

Answer 26

Theoretically no, but some clinicians choose to do so

Question 27

Ideal donor - K9

Answer 27

DEA 1 negative

Question 28

Universal donor - canine

Answer 28

positive for DEA 4 ONLY

should still XM second blood transfusion at later date

Question 29

Fading kitten syndrome

Answer 29

Type A kittens born to type B queens

Since cats have naturally occurring Abs

Question 30

Neonatal isoerythrolysis

Answer 30

Mare previously SENSITIZED

Mare Ag-, Foal & Sire Ag+