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724 Clin Path > Cytology Eval II - Ex 6 > Flashcards

Cytology Eval II - Ex 6 Flashcards

1
Q

3 Common Benign Epithelial Neoplasms

A
  1. Papilloma 2. Adenoma 3. Basal Cell tumors
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2
Q

Papilloma

A

Keratinized epithelial cells

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3
Q

Adenoma

A

Tight clusters of vacuolated cells

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4
Q

Basal cell tumors

A

Tight sheets of cells with high N:C ratio

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5
Q

Sebaceous hyperplasia & sebaceous adenomas

A

Have the same cytologic appearance: - arranged in thick clumps - round cells with abundant, highly vacuolated, basophilic cytoplasm - small, round nucleus with dense chromatin **Sebaceous carcinomas are rare

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6
Q
A

Sebaceous Adenoma

**red lines mark the cell junctions

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7
Q
A

Sebaceous Adenoma

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

Follicular Tumors

A

**Contain basal epithelial cells

  • arranged in sheets (very distinct cell junctions; cobblestone appearance)
  • scant, lightly basophilic cytoplasm
  • small, round nucleus with dense chromatin

**Common on the head and neck

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10
Q

Benign Follicular tumors

A
  • in cats & horses: basal cell tumors
  • in dogs: trichoblastomas
  • specific classification requires histopathologic examination
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11
Q

Malignant Follicular basal cell tumors

A
  • relatively common in CATS
  • rare in dogs
  • based upon the degree of malignant transformation observed
  • should be confirmed histologically
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12
Q

Common Malignant Epithelial Neoplasms (4)

A
  1. Adenocarcinoma
    - 68-75% of nasal tumors in dogs
  2. Squamous cell carcinoma
  3. Transitional cell carcinoma
  4. Anal sac adenocarcinoma
    - neuroendorcrine appearance
    - few characteristics of malignancy
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13
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A
  • sheets of cells often with acinar structures
  • cells with “signet ring” appearance
  • marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis
  • severely anaplastic nasal tumors can have lymphoid appearance
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14
Q
A

Adenocarcinoma

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15
Q

Anal Gland Tumors

A
  • Common in dogs –> BAD!
  • rare in cats
  • have malignant behavior
  • may induce hypercalcemia
  • check sublumbar lymph nodes for metastasis
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16
Q

Anal Gland Tumors - Cytologic Appearance

A
  • Neuroendocrine with several free round nuclei assoc’d with a background of basophilic cytoplasm
  • Distinct epithelial cell borders are rare
  • Characteristics of malignancy are rare, but tumors typically are malignant
17
Q
A

Apocrine Gland Anal Sac Adenocarcinoma (AGASACA)

Poor prognosis

18
Q

Other common epithelial Neoplasms (3)

A
  1. Mammary tumors
  2. Perianal gland tumors
  3. Thyroid tumors
    - neuroendocrine appearance
19
Q

Perianal Gland Tumors

A

* Common in dogs

* most are benign

* located on the caudal half of the animal

* often large and lobulated

* responsive to androgens

* submit histopathology to determine if they are adenomas or carcinomas

20
Q

Benign Mesenchymal Tumors

A

* Lack characteristics of malignancy

  • lipomas
  • fibromas
  • neurofibromas
  • myxomas
  • nerve-sheath tumors
  • perivascular wall tumors
  • sarcoids (horses)

* May become locally invasive and cause severe disease

* rarely metastasize

21
Q

Lipomas

A

Acellular samples common

Adipocytes with large cytoplasmic vacuoles and very small nuclei

22
Q

Fibromas and Neurofibromas

A
  • same cytologic appearance
  • low numbers of small spindle-shaped cells
  • thin, centrally-located, oval nuclei
  • very uniform
23
Q

Benign Mesenchymal Tumors

A

They lack characteristics of malignancy

  • Fibromas
  • Neurofibromas
  • Myxomas
  • Nerve-sheath tumors
  • Perivascular wall tumors
  • Sarcoids (horses)

* May become locally invasive & cause severe dz

* rarely metastasize

24
Q

Sarcomas

A

Malignant mesenchymal tumors

  • fibrosarcoma
  • neurofibrosarcoma
  • myxosarcoma
  • hemangiosarcoma
  • histiocytic sarcoma

* Extensive local tissue invasion

* metastasize, except histiocytic sarcoma

25
Q

Fibrosarcoma

A

* soft-tissue sarcoma

* spindle-shaped cells

* marked nuclear variability

* prominent nucleoli

26
Q
A

Fibrosarcoma

27
Q

6 types of round cell tumors

A
  1. MCT
  2. Plasma cell tumor
  3. Histiocytoma
  4. Transmissible Venereal tumor (TVT)
  5. Lymphoma
  6. Melanoma
28
Q

MCT - cytolgic appearance

A
  • individualized round cells
  • round, centrally located nucleus
  • filled wiht metachromatic cytoplasmic granules
  • +/- eosinophils &/or reactive fibroblasts
  • occasionally, granules will not stain with Diff-Quik stain
29
Q
A

Mast Cell Tumors

30
Q

Plasma Cell Tumor (Plasmacytoma)

A
  • individualized riound cells
  • abundent, basophilic cytoplasm
  • round, eccentrically placed nucleus
  • perinuclear clearing in the area of the Golgi zone
  • binucleation is common finding

*usually benign

31
Q
A

Plasma Cell Tumor

32
Q

HIstiocytoma

A
  • common in dogs
  • spontaneously regree w/in a few months of dx
  • appearance:

individualized round cells

lightly basophilic cytoplasm that becomes paler toward the edges of the cell

ovoid, eccentrically placed nucleus

mitotic figures

often with a basophilic proteinaceous background

infiltrate of small lymphocytes is seen as these tumors regress

33
Q
A

Histiocytoma

34
Q

Transmissible Venereal Tumor

A
  • common in dogs from tropical areas
  • typically ocur around genitals & muzzle –> can spread
  • appearance:

individualized round cells

abundant, lightly basophilic cytoplasm

round, centrally located nucleus

round, clear, distinct cytoplasmic vacuoles

35
Q
A

TVT

36
Q

Cutaneous Lymphoma

A
  • multiple skin lesions may be seen
  • plaque-like lesions common
  • appearance:

monomorphic pop of lymphocytes

lymphocytes may be small, intermed, or large

*most cutaneous lymphomas are T cells

37
Q

Melanoma

A

Appearance:

  • individualized or aggregated
  • spindle-shaped or round
  • round to variably-shaped nucleus
  • large number of BROWN-BLACK melanin granules

724 Clin Path (29 decks)

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