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English📖 > Phonetics/phonology🍍 > Flashcards

Phonetics/phonology🍍 Flashcards

1
Q

Accent

A

The sound of our voice

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2
Q

Intonation

A

Rise and fall of our voices

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3
Q

Prosodic features

A

Includes features such as stress, volume, rhythm, pitch, tempo and intonation

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4
Q

Assonance

A

Repeated vowel sounds in a word

E.g. Kwik Fit

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5
Q

Phoneme

A

Individual unit of sound

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6
Q

Fricative

A

Uses airflow

/f/ /v/ /th/

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7
Q

Plosive

A

Denoting a consonant produced by stopping airflow with teeth

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8
Q

Glottal stop

A

Omission of the t sound

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9
Q

Schwa

A

Unstressed central vowel

E.g. the a sound in Emma

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10
Q

Received Pronunciation

A

Educated accent, typically British

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11
Q

G-dropping

A

Missing the /g/ phoneme off the ends of utterances

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12
Q

Elision

A

Slurring words together

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13
Q

Dental fricative

A

Th sound

/θ/ (voiceless) /ð̼/ (voiced)

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14
Q

Labiodental fricative

A

/f/ (voiceless) and /v/ (voiced)

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15
Q

Rhotacism

A

Emphasis of the /r/ phoneme

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16
Q

Consonant clusters

A

Where two or more consonant phonemes father together without a vowel

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17
Q

Italics

A

Using emphasis in language use on particular words

Creates varied prosody

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18
Q

Bilabial plosives

A

/b/ (voiced) and /p/ (voiceless)

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19
Q

Alveolar plosive

A

/t/ (voiceless) /d/ (voiced)

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20
Q

Alveolar fricative

A

/s/

21
Q

Substitution

A
  • Replacing a difficult phoneme for an easier one

* BE CAREFUL - could be an accent feature!

22
Q

Assimilation

A
  • Where a neighbouring sound is impacted by another
  • A from of substitution as one sound will be substituted for another
  • E.g. saying ‘lellow’ for ‘yellow’
23
Q

Weak syllable deletion (deletion)

A
  • Deletion of unstressed syllables

* E.g. pyjamas -> jamas

24
Q

Initial consonant deletion (deletion)

A
  • Deletion of the first consonant

* E.g. green -> reen

25
Q

Final consonant deletion (deletion)

A
  • Deletion of the end consonant
  • E.g. about -> abou
  • Could be a spontaneity/spoken mode/accent feature
26
Q

Digraph

A

Two letters written together to represent a single sound

E.g. ch, ck, gh, ai, au, ea

27
Q

Diphthong

A

A vowel sound that is composed of a sequence of two vowels

-E.g. high, late

28
Q

What is the place of articulation?

A

These are the places where constrictions/obstructions of air occur.
I.e. WHERE

29
Q

What is the manner of articulation?

A

The arrangement and interaction of the speech organs when making a speech sound.
I.e. HOW

30
Q

Disyllabic

A

A word consisting of 2 syllables

31
Q

Labiodentals (place)

A

Occur when you block/constrict airflow by curling your lower lip back and raising it to touch your upper row of teeth
/f/ /v/

32
Q

Dentals (place)

A

Occur when you block/constrict airflow by placing your tongue against your upper teeth
/θ/ /ð̼/

33
Q

Bilabials (place)

A

Occur when you block/constrict airflow by bringing your lips together
/p/ /b/ /m/

34
Q

Alveolars (place)

A

Occur when you raise your tongue to the alveolar ridge

/n/ /t/ /d/ /s/ /z/ /l/ /r/

35
Q

What’s an alveolar ridge?

A

Where your teeth meet your gums

36
Q

Post-alveolars (place)

A

Occur when the tongue blocks/constricts airflow at the point just beyond the alveolar ridge
/ʃ/ /ʒ/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/

37
Q

Palatals (place)

A

Occur when you raise the tongue to the hard plate to block/constrict airflow
/j/

38
Q

What’s a hard plate?

A

The roof of your mouth

39
Q

Velars (place)

A

Occur when you raise the back of your tongue to the velum, blocking/restricting airflow
/ŋ/ /k/ /g/

40
Q

Labial velars (place)

A

Produced in same way as velars

/w/

41
Q

Glottals (place)

A

Aren’t really consonants but play consonant roles in the language.
Produced at the glottis
/h/
/?/ (the /t/ phoneme is often dropped)

42
Q

Nasals (manner)

A

Created when you completely block airflow through your mouth and let the air pass through your nose

43
Q

Plosives (manner)

A

Also called ‘stops’
Occur when vocal tract is closed completely; the air quickly builds up pressure behind the articulators and then releases in a burst

44
Q

Fricative (manner)

A

Only involve a partial blockage, so air has to be forced through a narrow channel

45
Q

Affricate (manner)

A

Fusion of plosives and fricatives

46
Q

Allophone

A

A variation of a phoneme

E.g. the alveolar lateral has a light l in the word luck and a dark l in the word bell

47
Q

Near-close near-back rounded vowel

A

/ʊ/

48
Q

Spoonerism

A
  • Mixing sounds in words

* E.g. a flock of bats instead of a block of flats

49
Q

Omission spelling

A
  • Missing a grapheme

* E.g. missing in ‘watch’

English📖 (15 decks)

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