6.4-6.7 bone development

Question 1

bone formation in the fetus follows two processes

Answer 1

intramebranous ossification and endochondral ossification

Question 2

soft spots that are the larger, membrane-covered spaces between the developing skull bones that have not yet been ossified

Answer 2

fontanels

Question 3

bone formation that occurs within connective tissue membranes

Answer 3

intramembranous ossification

Question 4

bone formation inside hyaline cartilage

Answer 4

endochondral ossification

Question 5

two type of bone formation that result in compact and spongy bone

Answer 5

intramembranous and endochondral ossification

Question 6

pads and cushions areas between and around bone

Answer 6

cartilage

Question 7

bones greater in length than width

Answer 7

long bones

Question 8

somewhat cube-shape bones, nearly equal in length and width

Answer 8

short bones

Question 9

are broad, and relatively thin bones

Answer 9

flat bones

Question 10

bones that are complex in shape

Answer 10

irregular bones

Question 11

What occurs primarily in the skull when osteoblasts begin to produce bone with connective tissue known as mesenchyme

Answer 11

intramembranous ossification

Question 12

bone formation within a hyaline cartilage model

Answer 12

endochondral bone

Question 13

bone formation in the diaphysis of a long bon

Answer 13

primary ossification center

Question 14

bone formation in the epiphysis

Answer 14

secondary ossification center

Question 15

5 steps in endochondral ossification

Answer 15

1. cartilage model formation
2. bone collar formation
3. primary ossification center formation
4. secondary ossification center formation
5. adult bone

Question 16

4 steps in intramembranous ossification

Answer 16

1. development of ossification center
2. calcification
3. formation of trabeculae
4. development of the periosteum

Question 17

in bone growth, the number of ______ increase on the epiphyseal aide of the epiphyseal plate

Answer 17

chondrocytes

Question 18

dying chondrocytes are replaced by

Answer 18

osteoblasts

Question 19

dust bones shoe evidence of the epiphyseal ____

Answer 19

line

Question 20

bone growth in WIDTH by depositing new matrix between the periosteum and the existing matrix

Answer 20

appositional growth

Question 21

what are four things required for bone growth

Answer 21

Mineral supply
Vitamin D3
Vitamins A,B,C,D,K
Hormones

Question 22

deficiency of vitamin D3 that leads to softening bones (2 different names for adults and children)

Answer 22

adults- osteomalacia
children- rickets

Question 23

hormones needed for bone growth

Answer 23

growth, thyroid, sex, parathyroid hormone
and calcitonin

Question 24

bone remodeling involves removal of existing bone by ______ and deposition of new bone by _____

Answer 24

osteoclasts, osteoblasts

Question 25

Boones are remodeled in response to what 2 factors

Answer 25

free calcium ion levels in the blood and the pull of gravity and muscles on the skeleton

Question 26

bone is a major storage site for

Answer 26

calcium

Question 27

calcium moves ____ bone as ______ build new bone

Answer 27

into, osteoblasts

Question 28

calcium moves _____ of bone as ____ break down bone

Answer 28

out, osteoclasts

Question 29

calcium homeostasis is maintained by

Answer 29

parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin

Question 30

what hormone secretes the parathyroid gland and increase formation and a activation of osteoclasts

Answer 30

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 31

a crack or break in a bone

Answer 31

fracture

Question 32

aka simple fractures, completely internal (no breaks in the skin) and can be seen only on x-rays

Answer 32

closed fractures

Question 33

aka compound fractures, project thru the skin, more dangerous due to risk of infection

Answer 33

open fractures

Question 34

been that becomes old is replaced with new bone in a process called

Answer 34

bone remodeling

Question 35

long bones increase in length because of growth at the

Answer 35

epiphyseal plate

Question 36

in a long bone, the epiphyseal plate separates the ____ from the ____

Answer 36

epiphysis, diaphysis

Question 37

long bones form by creating new ____ in the epiphyseal plate

Answer 37

cartilage

Question 38

four major steps of bone repair

Answer 38

1. hematoma formation 2. callus formation 3. callus ossification 4. bone remodeling

Question 39

if the soft tissues around a closed fracture are damages, it is called a

Answer 39

complicated fracture

Question 40

fracture that does not extend completely across the bone

Answer 40

incomplete fracture

Question 41

the bone is broken into at least two fragments

Answer 41

complete fracture

Question 42

localized mass of blood released from blood vessels but confined within an organ or space

Answer 42

hematoma

Question 43

a mass of bone tissue that forms at a fracture site

Answer 43

callus