anticholinergic

Question 1

what do anticholinergic drugs do?

Answer 1

cholinergic blocking/parasympatholytic

block acetylcholine action of PNS

Most block muscarinic receptors
A few at high doses block nicotinic receptors

Question 2

example of anticholinergic drug?

Answer 2

atropine

Atropine is the antidote for a cholinergic crisis

Question 3

MOA of anticholinergic receptor?

Answer 3

Occupy receptor sites at PNS nerve endings, leaving few free to respond to acetylcholine
CNS- simulation followed by depression
**Heart- increase heart rate
**Bronchodilation and decreased respiratory tract secretions
**Antispasmodic effects on GI
Mydriasis and cycloplegia
Miscellaneous

Question 4

indications for use of anticholinergic receptors?

Answer 4

GI , genitourinary, ophthalmic and respiratory disorders
Bradycardia and heart block
**Parkinson’s disease
Preoperative use and bronchoscopy
**Anticholinesterase toxicity, mushroom poisoning, or organophosphate pesticide poisoning

Question 5

contraindications for anticholinergics?

Answer 5

Prostatic hypertrophy
Myasthenia gravis
Hyperthyroidism
Glaucoma
Tachydysrhythmias
Myocardial infarction
Heart failure unless bradycardia is present

Question 6

what is the antidote for cholinergic overdose? how long is this duration?

Answer 6

atropine. short duration. ocular effects may last for days though

Question 7

what is belladonna tincture used for?

Answer 7

used s an ingredient in many mixtures for GI antispasmodic

Question 8

what are homatropine hydrobomide used for?

Answer 8

eye drops to produce mydriasis an cycloplegia (belladonna alkaloid and derivative)

Question 9

what is hyoscyamine (anaspaz) used for?

Answer 9

GI and GU disorders with spasm, increased secretions nad in motility

Question 10

what is ipratropium (atrovent) used for?

Answer 10

treats rhunorrhea (nasal spray) 
**bronchodilator 9inhaled)

Question 11

what is scopolamine used for?

Answer 11

depresses CNS

Used transdermally for motion sickness.

Question 12

what is Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva HandiHaler

used for?

Answer 12

**treatment of COPD

Question 13

what are some centrally acting anticholinergics?

Answer 13

Trihexyphenidyl (Trihexy)

Benztropine (Cogentin)
**

Question 14

what is Trihexyphenidyl (Trihexy) used for

Answer 14

Parkinson’s Disease and Extrapyramidal reactions

Question 15

what is benztropine (cogent) used for?

Answer 15

Anticholinergic and antihistaminic effects
**Treats acute dystonic reactions
Supplement antiparkinsonian drugs

Question 16

what are some urinary antispasmodics?

Answer 16

flavoxate (crisps), oxybytyin**, tolterodine, trospium chloride

Question 17

what does flavoxate do?

Answer 17

Relieves dysuria, urgency, frequency and pain associated with UTI and GU infections.

Question 18

what does oxybutynin do? **

Answer 18

Direct antispasmodic effects, increases bladder capacity and decreases voiding
Used for neurological conditions like spinal bifida

Question 19

what does tolterodine do?

Answer 19

Antimuscarinic anticholinergic agent

Inhibit bladder contraction, decrease detrusor muscle pressure and delay urge to void

Question 20

what does Trospium chloride (Sanctura) do

Answer 20

newest antimuscarinic, anticholinergic drug for treatment of urinary problems

Question 21

indications for anticholergics ?

Answer 21

renal or biliary colic, glaucome, GI disorders, parkinson’s, extrapyramidial

Question 22

what drugs are given for renal or billiard colic? what does this do?

Answer 22

• *Atropine given with morphine to reduce pain of renal and biliary colic
• Decreases spasm-producing effects of opioid
• Little antispasmodic effect on involved muscles

Question 23

if youre giving an anticholeringic drug for GI disorders are these large or small doses and when do you give them

Answer 23

large at bedtime

Question 24

if giving anticholinergics for parkinson’s do u start small or go up in dose?

Answer 24

small and gradually inc

Question 25

do you always give anticholinergics for extrapyramidal reactions?

Answer 25

only if symp

Question 26

Which anti-cholinergic drugs cross the blood-brain barrier?

a. Anti-parkinson’s drugs
b. Scopolomine
c. All of the above
d. None of the above

Answer 26

. All of the above

Rationale: Anti-cholinergic drugs that cross the blood–brain barrier include: atropine, scopolamine, and anti-parkinson agents.

Question 27

what does anticholergic overdose syndrome look like? **

Answer 27

Hyperthermia; hot, dry, flushed skin; dry mouth; mydriasis; **delirium; tachycardia; paralytic ileus; and urinary retention. Myoclonic movements and **choreoathetosis may be seen. Seizures, coma, and respiratory arrest may also occur.

Question 28

tx for anticholergic overdose syndrome?

Answer 28

Treatment involves use of activated charcoal to absorb ingested poison.
Hemodialysis, hemoperfusion, peritoneal dialysis, and repeated doses of charcoal are not effective.