anti-adrenergics

Question 1

indications for use of antiadrenergics?

Answer 1

to decrease or block the effects of SNS stimulation. Suppress pathological stimulation, and retain a physiological response to stress.

Question 2

what are the classifications of anti-adrenergics and what do they do

Answer 2

Alpha2 –adrenergic agonists- produce negative feedback to decrease release of norepinephrine
Alpha1 –adrenergic blocking drugs- occupy receptor sites
Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs- occupy receptor sites

Question 3

what are alpha 1 blockers used for

Answer 3

Hypertension, BPH, vasoplastic disorders, persistant pulmonary hypertension in neonates

Question 4

what do non selecive alpha blockers treat?

Answer 4

Adjunctive treatment of pheochromocytoma
Pre/post surgery in conjunction with beta blockers
Vascular diseases characterized by vasospasm
Prevent tissue necrosis from potent vasoconstrictors

Question 5

what kind of drug is propranolol (inderal) what does it do?

Answer 5

***beta-adrenergic blocking drug
Decrease myocardial contractility, cardiac output, heart rate, blood pressure
Reduce intraocular pressure
Other uses: migraine prophylaxis, stage fright, hyperthyroidism symptoms, esophageal varices

Question 6

what are some examples of alpha agonists?

Answer 6

clonidide (catapres), guanabenz(wystensin), guanfacine (tenex), methyldopa (aldomet)

Question 7

how do you take clonidine

Answer 7

oral- quick acting, transdermal- long acting

Question 8

is guanabenz fast or short acting?

Answer 8

fast

Question 9

how often do you take guanfacine ? long or short half life?

Answer 9

OD, long

Question 10

absorption of methyldopa? what might it cause?

Answer 10

low to moderate absorption

may cause hemolytic anemia and hepatotoxicity

Question 11

what are some examples of alpha 1 antagonists?

Answer 11

prazosin (minipress) prototype, tamsulosin (flomax), alfuzosin (uroxatral), tolazoline (priscoline)

Question 12

what do you use tamsulosin for? what is the newest drug for this?

Answer 12

BPH. alfuzosin

Question 13

is prazosin high or low protein bound? what drugs have longer half lives and duration?

Answer 13

high. Doxazosin (Cardura) and terazosin (Hytrin) have longer half-lives and duration of action

Question 14

what is tolazolione used for?

Answer 14

vasospastic disorders

persistent pulmonary hypertension in neonates

Question 15

what are some nonselective alpha blockers? (long and short acting)

Answer 15

phenoxybenzamine (dibenzyline) long acting

phentolamine (regitine) short acting

Question 16

what are beta blockers used for?

Answer 16

**hypertension, anti-anginal, prevention of MI or re-infarction, glaucoma, heart failure (select clients)- carvedilol (coreg)

Question 17

what are some non selective beta blockers? what do they do?

Answer 17

Carteolol, levobunolol, metipranolol, penbutolol, nadolol, pindolol, propranolol, sotalol, and timolol.
Block both beta1 and beta2 receptors

Question 18

adverse effects for nonselective beta blockers?

Answer 18

Adverse effects: bronchoconstriction, peripheral vasoconstriction, interference with glycogenolysis

Question 19

what are some cardioselective agents (beta1 selective blocker)

when would you use these? ***

Answer 19

acebutolol, atenolol betaxolol, bisoprolol, esmolol, metoprolol.

**preferred usage in clients with diabetes, PVD, and asthma

Question 20

Labetalol and carvedilol block alpha1, beta1 and beta2 to contribute to what?

Answer 20

**antihypertensive effects

Question 21

what can labetolol and carvedilol possibly cause?

Answer 21

may cause less bradycardia but more postural hypotension ***

may cause less reflex tachy

Question 22

What family of drugs has as an adverse effect interference of glycogenolysis?

a. Alpha1 agonists
b. Nonselective Beta blockers
c. Alpha2 blockers
d. Selective Beta1 blockers

Answer 22

. Nonselective Beta blockers

Rationale: Nonseledctive beta blocker adverse effects: bronchoconstriction, peripheral vasoconstriction, interference with glycogenolysis