Chapter 9: Enzymes Flashcards
Shape of enzymes
Enzymes are 3D folded globular-shaped
What is an enzyme
An enzyme is a biological catalyst which is not used up in reactions are specific, e.g, amylase
Enzymes are used in
Digestion
Respiration
Denaturation
When an enzyme loses its shape and therefore its ability to function
Catalyst
Chemicals that change the rate of a reaction without being used up in the reaction itself
Specific
An enzyme’s ability to react with only one substrate, e.g, amylase acts on starch
Active site
The area of an enzyme where the substrate enters and is changed into a product
Substrate
The substance on which an enzyme acts on to break down into a product
Enzymes are influenced by
Temperature, eg, catalase at 25°
and
pH, eg, pepsin at pH 2 and catalase at pH 7
Optimum temperature for plant enzymes
25 - 30°
Not above 30°
Optimum temperature for animal enzymes
30 - 35°
Not above 37°
Bio-processing
The use of enzymes or any living cells or their components to useful products, e.g, yeast is used to make alcohol
Metabolism
The sum of all chemical reactions that occurs in an organism
Catabolism
A chemical reaction where larger molecules are broken down into smaller molecules
Digestion
Anabolism
A chemical reaction where smaller molecules are joined together to make larger molecules
Photosynthesis
