Genetics

Question 1

Species

Answer 1

Organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring

Question 2

Heredity

Answer 2

The passing on of traits from parent to offspring by means of genes

Question 3

Gene Expression

Answer 3

The process of using the information on the gene to make the protein

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

A unit of DNA which codes for the production of a specific protein

Question 5

DNA profiling

Answer 5

Extracting DNA and making a unique pattern of bands from the DNA of a person which can then be used to distinguish that DNA from another person’s DNA

Question 6

Coding DNA

Answer 6

The part of the chromosome which carries the information to make a protein

Question 7

Genetic screening

Answer 7

Testing an individual for the presence or absence of a particular allele

Question 8

Gamete

Answer 8

A haploid sex cell

Question 9

Fertilisation

Answer 9

The fusion of two haploid gametes to form a diploid zygote

Question 10

Allele

Answer 10

Alternative form of the same gene

Question 11

Homozygous

Answer 11

Having two identical alleles for a trait, e.g. TT

Question 12

Heterozygous

Answer 12

Having different alleles for a trait, e.g. Tt

Question 13

Genotype

Answer 13

The genetic make up of an organism

Question 14

Phenotype

Answer 14

The physical appearance of the organism

The genotype + the environment

Question 15

Dominance

Answer 15

When one allele masks the expression of the other

Expressed in the phenotype

Question 16

Recessive

Answer 16

An allele whose expression is masked by the dominant

Question 17

Incomplete dominance

Answer 17

When neither allele masks the expression of the other

Question 18

Mendel’s First Law

Answer 18

Law of Segregation
Traits are controlled by pair of alleles with separate at gamete formation
Each gamete carries only one allele for each trait

Question 19

Mendel’s Second Law

Answer 19

Law of Independent Assortment

During gamete formation, each members of a pair of alleles may combine randomly with either of another pair

Question 20

Linkage

Answer 20

Genes located on the same chromosome (locus) are said to be linked

Question 21

Sex linkage

Answer 21

Genes located on the same sex chromosome (X or Y)

Question 22

Non-nuclear DNA

Answer 22

DNA apart from that found outside the nucleus of the cell that is passed onto the next generation, e.g. mitochondrial DNA is inherited maternally

Question 23

Non-coding DNA

Junk DNA

Answer 23

The part of the chromosome which does not carry information to make a protein

Question 24

Transcription

Answer 24

The process of producing mRNA using DNA as a template

Question 25

Translation

Answer 25

The process of making a protein using the mRNA code as a template

Question 26

Variation

Answer 26

Different between members of a species

Question 27

Mutation

Answer 27

Change in the genetic make-up by a change in the structure or number

Question 28

Genetic engineering

Answer 28

The artificial manipulation or alteration of genes

Question 29

Evolution

Answer 29

An inheritable change with a species in response to a change in the environment by natural selection over a long period of time, e.g. modern horse