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Biology > Cell Cycle and Genetic Engineering > Flashcards

Cell Cycle and Genetic Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

Cell Continuity

A

The way in which cells arise from cells of the same type and organisms from organisms of the same type

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2
Q

Cell Cycle

A

Events in the life of a cell

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3
Q

Interphase

A

Cell not dividing
Organelles replicate
Energy builds up

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4
Q

Prophase

A
  • Chromatin contracts
  • Chromosome forms and duplicate
  • 2 sisters chromatids
  • Spindle fibres forming
  • Nuclear membrane breaks down
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5
Q

Metaphase

A
  • Spindle fibres completely formed
  • Sister chromatically are aligned along fibres
  • Chromatids are attached to spindle fibres by centromere
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6
Q

Anaphase

A
  • Spindle contracts
  • Sister chromatids pull apart to opposite poles
  • Chromatids become chromosomes
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7
Q

Telophase

A
  • Nuclear membrane forms
  • Spindle breaks down
  • Chromosomes elongate and disappear
  • Cytoplasm divides in two halves
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8
Q

How does Cytokinesis happen in Animal Cells

A

Cleavage furrow forms

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9
Q

What happens after Telophase in Plant Cells

A

Cell plate forms

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10
Q

Functions of Mitosis

A
  • Reproduction in unicellular organisms

* Growth and repair in multicellular organisms

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11
Q

Cancer

A

A group of disorders caused by the uncontrollable rate of mitosis

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12
Q

Causes of Cancer

A

Oncogenes
Asbestos fibres
Cigarette smoke

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13
Q

Mitosis

A

A type of nuclear division in which the NUMBER of chromosomes of the daughter is the same as the parent nucleus

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14
Q

Meiosis

A

A type of nuclear division in which the daughter nuclei contains half the number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus

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15
Q

Stages in Genetic Engineering

A 
Isolation 
Cutting
Ligation 
Transformation 
Expression
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16
Q

Isolation

A

Plasmid from bacterial cell
Cells broken open
Genetic probe reveals position of gene of interest

17
Q

Cutting

A

Restriction enzyme cut plasmid

18
Q

Ligation

A

Rejoining cut fragments of DNA using DNA ligase

19
Q

Transformation

A

Bacteria induced to take up recombinant plasmid

20
Q

Expression

A

Getting organism with recombinant DNA to produce the desired product which is extracted

21
Q

Genetic Engineering in Plants

A

Weed killer resistant crops

22
Q

Genetic Engineering in Animals

A

Goats produce a protein to treat cystic fibrosis

23
Q

Genetic Engineering in Micro-organisms

A

Bacteria make insulin

Biology (38 decks)

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