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HORT 1047 Horticulture 1 > Aesexual Plant Propagation > Flashcards

Aesexual Plant Propagation Flashcards

1
Q

what is plant propogation

A

the arts and science of the production of more plant

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2
Q

what are the 2 types of plant propagation

A

sexual -seed

asexual - vegetative

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3
Q

what is fundamental differences between sexual propagation

A
  • sexual exchange of genetic info

- asexual - cloning- no exchange of genetic info

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4
Q

examples of asexual propagation

A
  1. divison
  2. cuttings
  3. grafting
  4. tissue culture
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5
Q

what is production of seeds and example of

A

sexual reproduction - exchange genetic material

between 2 parents

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6
Q

t or f ; ornamental plant come true from seeds

A

false; use asexual propagation to get exact clones

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7
Q

t or f any seed harvested from a cultivar will not produce seedlings identical to the parent- genetic variation

A

true

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8
Q

what is seed grown selection termed as

A
  • seed grown selection is ‘ strain’= not genetically identical
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9
Q

what are 5 reasons to use vegetative propagation?

A
  1. poor seed production
  2. poor seed viability
  3. no seed available- sterile plant
  4. only 1 specimen available
  5. clone- preserve genetic info
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10
Q

what are 3 parts of plant can take cuttings from ?

A
  1. leaf
  2. root
  3. stems - herbaceous, softwood, hardwood
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11
Q

when do you take softwood cuttings? when do you take hardwood cuttings?

A
  • softwood- late spring to early summer

- hardwood- late fall- late inter

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12
Q

what are stock plants/ mother , what should they have

A
  • parent plants used in asexual propagation

- good health, desirable characteristics for production of new plants

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13
Q

describe division

A
  • cutting or breaking up of a crown or clump of suckers into segments
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14
Q

what must characteristics must a segment taken from a cutting possess?

A
  • bud and roots
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15
Q

describe process of cuttings

A
  • removing a piece from parent and that piece the regrows the lost parts of the tissue
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16
Q

t or f cuttings can be done in both woody and herbaceous plants

A

true- as long as plant will form adventitious roots

  • vegetatively growing plants
  • once flowering initiated hard to do
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17
Q

why can you use cuttings for asexual reproduction?

A

each living plant cell contains ability to duplicate all plant parts

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18
Q

describe leaf cuttings?

A
  • leaf blade or leaf with a petiole to propagate new plants
  • trim 1/4 of leaf, dip into rooting hormone, insert rooting medium
  • new plants from at base of leaf
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19
Q

t or f; in leaf cuttings the original leaf is part of the new plant

A

false; usually discarded

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20
Q

describe root cuttings

when should it be done

A
  • take cutting of roots on angle

- during dormant season when roots have largest CHO supplies

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21
Q

describe stem cuttings

A
  • injured xylem and phloem cells plug tubes so fluids preserved
22
Q

what is formed when taken a stem cutting

A
  • callus formed, cells nearby form adventitious roots
23
Q

what are herbaceous cutting?

A
  • taken from non woody plants (perennials, houseplants)
24
Q

what are softwood cuttings

A
  • pieces of new growth taken from woody stock plants

- must be taken from new growth before starts to harden into woody

25
Q

what are hardwood cuttings

A
  • taken from tissue which has become woody- usually dormant
26
Q

t or f; stem cuttings are most commonly used method to produce herbaceous plants asexually

A

true

27
Q

what conditions should be applied for effective cuttings

A
  • healthy plants
  • bottom heat
  • warm and moist
28
Q

what is the most common rooting hormones used commercially

A
  • IBA = synthetic IAA (auxin hormone)
29
Q

what cutting would you want to use the lowest –> highest strength of rooting hormone?

A

lowest softwood- herbaceous
med is semi hardwood
highest- hardwood

30
Q

what is also used in addition to rooting hormone? why?

A
  • fungicide ; counters damp conditions
31
Q

when are softwood cuttings taken?

A
  • first year branches- not woody

- best late spring early summer after rain

32
Q

why should you make diagonal cut?

A
  • increase surface area for roots to develop
33
Q

what is the best indicator softwood is ready to cut?

A
  • softwood snaps when bent
34
Q

when is best time to take hardwood cuttings?

A
  • late fall after a killing frost late winter
35
Q

describe grafting

A
  • involves joining of different segments of 2 different plants
  • scion is joined to an understock
  • cambium layers of 2 different segments are aligned and growth together
36
Q

why use grafting techniques?

A
  1. affect mature height of plant - dwarfing rootstocks
  2. affect hardiness of plant - ex hybrid tea roses
  3. produce plant that will not grow adventitious roots
  4. produce plant in an ‘ unnatural form’ or shape ex weeping
37
Q

true or false, grafting work for all plants

A

false; only gymnosperms and perennial dicots

38
Q

why does grafting only work for gymnosperms and perennial dicots

A

monocots dont have cambium layer –> need secondary growth

39
Q

what are 3 types of grafting?

A
  1. cleft
  2. budding/ chipping
  3. whip grafting
40
Q

what is the scion

A
  • upper part of plant
  • ornamental or fruiting characteristics
  • plant with features the grower wants
41
Q

what is the understock?

A
  • roots and stem
  • hardiness
  • size potential
  • upright for weeping branches
42
Q

when is grafting usually done?

A

spring - collect several weeks before grafting is to occur

-scion wood collected in winter when dormant

43
Q

what wood should be selected for grafting

A
  • grew previous year

- have leaf NOT flower buds

44
Q

what is critical to ensure successful grafting

A
  • cambium layers on scion precisely matches understock
45
Q

describe cleft graft

A
  • simplest way to graft

- scion cut into vertical to match understock wedge

46
Q

what tools can be used for grafting

A

budding knife

budding tape

47
Q

what is t/ shield budding?

A
  • take bud from scion and graft to understock material

- slit understock, place bud in and tape back over

48
Q

what is chip budding?

A

bud is cut out with a chip of the underlying wood

-chip needs to be same size as the stock piece in order for cambia to align

49
Q

what is tissue culture propagation?

A

groups of plant cells are manipulated so they can produce a new plant

50
Q

what are advantages of tissue culture?

A
  • fast
  • efficient
  • disease- free plants
51
Q

problems with tissue culture propagation

A
  • increased risk of spontaneous mutations occur
  • sterile conditions bust be maintained- exact temp, light, humidity and atmosphere controlled with electronic sensors and computerized controls –> COSTLY
52
Q

describe stages in tissues

A

stage 1: start with specimen ; growth tip excised , sterilized
-exposed to tube with nutrients and low auxin to cytokinin ratio
stage 2: shoots multiply , cut again at set intervals
-# increase until desired amount met
** both 1 and 2 done in climate controlled room
stage 3: expose to high auxin low cytokinin ratio –> shoots start to produce roots as opposed to more shoots
stage 4: plants put in soil

HORT 1047 Horticulture 1 (9 decks)

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