Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

cha > cranial nerves > Flashcards

cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what are cranial nerves

A

12 pairs of nerves that emanate from the base of the brain, numbered rostral to caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

function of cranial nerves

A

cranial nerves provide motor and sensory innervation of the head and neck, they provide innervation of special sense organs(5 senses) and carry sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers of the ANS to structures in head neck thorax and abdomen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cranial nerves that are sensory, motor, both, and ones that contain visceral motor (autonomic) function

A

sensory: i, ii, viii
motor: iii, iv, vi, xi, xii
both: v, vii, ix, x
Visceral motor autonomic: 3 7 9 10
some say marry money, but my brother says big breasts matter more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Olfactory nerves (CN I)

A

cranial exit: cribriform plate
cell bodies: nasal mucosa (olfactory epithelium)
Components: Special visceral afferent
chief function: Smell

Lesion of olfactory could be due to ethmoid bone fracture-> anosmia no smell sometimes they wont taste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Optic nerves (CN II)

A

cranial exit: Sphenoid bone- optic canal
cell bodies: ganglion of retina
Components: special somatic afferent
chief function: Special Sensory- vision

lesion of optic nerves causes issues of vision due to eyeball energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Oculomotor (CN III)

A
  • function: somatic motor eye movement and visceral motor nerves
  • location of neuron cell bodies: upper midbrain- oculomotor nucles
  • passage thru skull: sphenoid bone-superior orbital fissure
  • Route: superior orbital fissure- then splits and one branch goes to somatic motor muscles and one branch goes to ciliary ganglion which inervates visceral motor nerves (pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscle
  • Structures innervated: levator palp m., SR m, IR m, MR, IO (LR6, SO4)everything else 3
  • Injury and explanation: complete oculomotor nerve palsy is associated with: ptosis (droopy eyelid), down and out eyeball (SO and LR unopposed), a pupil thats fixed and dialated
  • Causes of injury: Cavernous sinus injury or anuerysms of posterior cerebral or superior cerebellar arteried
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Trochlear (CN IV)

A

*cranial exit: sphenoid bone-Superior Orbital Fissure
*location of neuron cell bodies: lower midbrain-trochlear nucleus
*chief function: somatic motor- eye movements
Route: midbrain to cavernous sinus to superior orbital fissure to outside of common tendinous ring (where all eye muscles come out) to superior oblique m.

lesion-> paralysis of superior oblique muscle of the eye causing diplopia (Double vision when looking down, headaches) cant look down when eye is abducted, due to cavernous sinus injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Abducens (CN VI)

A
  • cranial exit: sphenoid bone-Superior orbital fissure
  • loc of neuron cell bodies: Pons-abducent nucleus
  • chief function: eye movement lateral rectus m.
  • route: cavernous sinus to superior orbital fissure to inside of common tendinous ring

*injury: horizontal diplopia, cant abduct eye, eye will be (medial unoppsed medial rectus). due to cavernous sinus injury or fracture of base of skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vestibulocochlear (CNVIII)

A

cranial exit: temporal-internal acoustic meatus
location of neuron cell bodies: spiral ganglia (cochlea) and Vestibular ganglion
chief function: special sensory hearing and balance

lesion causes vertigo and tinnitus (ringing and buzzing) could be due to tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Accessory (CN XI)

A
  • cranial exit: occipital bone- rootlets go into foramen magnum and then comes out of jugular foramen
  • chief function: SCM m., and trapezius head and neck movement
  • location of neuron cell bodies: spinal cord-anterior horn of cervical region

*lesion- weakness in turning head to opposite side (SCM) and or weakness of shrugging shoulders (trap) due to neck laceration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hypoglossal (CN XII)

A
  • cranial exit: Hypoglossal canal
  • loc of neuron cell bodies: medulla hypoglossal nucleus
  • chief function: somatic motor for tongue
  • route: medulla to hypoglossal canal and goes above ansa cervicalis to go into tongue
  • lesion: peripheral lesion causes tongue to deviate toward side of injury due to neck laceration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

special sensory cranial nerves

A

I-smell
II-vision
VII, IX, X- taste
VIII- hearing and balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

somatic sensory cranial nerves

A

for information relay for body position (proprioception), pain, temp, vibration, and touch

CN V, VII, IX, X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

visceral sensory cranial nerves

A

sensory info from viscera except pain

CN IX, X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Visceral Motor cranial nerves

A

this is autonomic innervation of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

CN III, VII, IX, X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Branchial motor cranial nerves

A

innervation of muscle thats derived from branchial arches

CN V, VII, IX, X, XI

17
Q

Somatic motor cranial nerves

A

innervation of muscle from myotomes

CN III, IV, VI, XII

18
Q

trigeminal CN V (Ophthalmic V1)

A
  • function: purely somatic sensory, from skin of forhead, scalp, mucous membranes (nasal)
  • loc of neuron cell bodies: trigeminal semilunar ganglion
  • route:sphenoid bone- superior orbital fissure
  • injury: anesthesia numbness due to inflammation
19
Q

trigeminal CN V (Maxillary V2)

A
  • function: purely somatic sensory, from skin of upper lip, skin over prominence of cheek, palate, maxillary sinus
  • loc of neuron cell bodies: trigeminal semilunar ganglion
  • route:trigeminal semilunar ganglion to foramen rotundum
  • injury:anesthesia, trigeminal neuralgia/Tic douloureux (intermittent excruciating pain) due to inflammation
20
Q

trigeminal CN V
(mandibular V3)
sensory division

A
  • function: somatic sensory-sensory from skin of lower jar, from mucosa on anterior 2/3 tongue
  • location of cell bodies: trigeminal seminlur ganglion
  • route: sphenoid bone-foramen ovale
  • injury: anesthesia due to inflammation
21
Q

trigeminal CN V
(mandibular V3)
motor division

A
  • function: branchial motor- chewing and swallowing
  • loc of neuron cell bod- Pons motor nuc of V
  • route: to foramen ovale
  • structures inn: muscles of mastication (temporalis, lat+med pterygoids, masseter), tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani, mylohyoid, ant. digstric

*injury: difficulty chewing due to inflammation

22
Q

Facial nerve CN VII (somatic sensory division)

A
  • function- sensory from skin behind, enternal acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane (external surface)
  • loc of neuron cell bodies: geniculate ganglion
  • route: geniculate ganglion to internal acoustic meatus then leaves stylomastoid foramen
  • injury: anesthesia
23
Q

Facial nerve CN VII (special sensory division)

A
  • function: taste from tongue (anterior 2/3rds) and taste from palate
  • loc of neuron cell bodies: geniculate ganglion
  • Route: enters internal acoustic meatus leaves thru petrotympanic fissure
  • injury: cant taste due to chorda tympani nerve damage
24
Q

Facial nerve CN VII (motor division)

A
  • function: facial expression
  • loc of neuron cell bodies: motor nucleus of VII
  • route: enter internal acoustic meatus leaves stylomastoid foramen
  • route: TZBMC branches
  • inn: muscles of facial expression (platysma, buccinator, frontalis, occipitalis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris) stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior digastric
  • injury: Bells palsy (facial paralysis, eyelids dont close, angle of mouth droops, fore head droops) due to parotid gland innervation distal to stylomastoid foramen
25
Q

glossopharyngeal CN IX (somatic sensory)

A
  • Function: sensory from mucosa of post 1/3rd of tongue, tonsils, soft palate, pharynx, middle ear, auditory tube, mastoid air cells
  • loc of neuron cell bod: inferior ganglion of IX
  • route: temporal bone/ occipital bone-jugular foramen
  • injury: dysphagia (difficult swallowing) and/or dysarthria (speech difficulty due to anesthesia of soft palate) due to neck laceration
26
Q

glossopharyngeal CN IX (visceral sensory)

A
  • Function: chemoreceptors in carotid body monitor O2 tension, baroreceptors in carotid sinus monitor arterial blood pressure
  • loc of neuron cell bod: inferior ganglion of IX
  • route:temporal bone/ occipital bone-jugular foramen
  • injury:changes in blood pressure due to neck lac
27
Q

glossopharyngeal CN IX (special sensory)

A
  • Function: taste from tongue post 1/3 rd
  • loc of neuron cell bod: inf ganglion of IX
  • route: temporal bone/ occipital bone-jugular foramen
  • injury: loss of taste sensation due to neck lac
28
Q

glossopharyngeal CN IX (branchial motor)

A
  • Function: elevates pharynx in speech and swallowing, innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle
  • loc of neuron cell bod: medulla- nucleus ambiguus
  • route: temporal bone/ occipital bone-jugular foramen
  • injury: dysphagia (difficult swallowing) and/or dysarthria (speech difficulty due to paralysis of stylopharyngeus) due to neck laceration
29
Q

Vagus CN X (somatic sensory division)

A
  • function: sensory from pharynx, larynx, external ear, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane (external surface), meninges in posterior cranial fossa
  • loc of neuron cell bodies: superior ganglion of X
    route: temporal bone and occipital bone-jugular foramen
30
Q

Vagus CN X (visceral sensory division)

A
  • function: senses from muscles and mucous in pharynx, larynx, thoracic, and abdominal viscera, chemoreceptors in aortic body, and stretch receptors in wall of aortic arch
  • loc of neuron cell bodies: inferior ganglion X
  • route: temporal bone and occipital bone-jugular foramen
31
Q

Vagus CN X (special sensory division)

A
  • function: special sensory- taste from epiglottis
  • loc of neuron cell bodies: inferior ganglion of X
  • route: temporal bone and occipital bone-jugular foramen
32
Q

Vagus CN X (motor division)

A
  • function: branchial motor-speech
  • loc of neuron cell bodies: medulla-nucleus ambiguous
  • route: temporal bone and occipital bone-jugular foramen
  • structures innervated: skeletal muscles of soft palate EXCEPT stylopharyngeus (IX) and tensor veli palatini (V3); pharyngeal constrictor mm, levator veli palatini, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, palatoglossus, cricothyroid (external laryngeal n.), muscles of the larynx (recurrent laryngeal n.)
  • injury: sagging of soft palate (paralysis of m of soft palate), difficulty coughing, clearing throat, swallowing (due to recurrent laryngeal n injury), dysphagia (due to paralysis of mm in soft palate)

cha (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions