larynx and pharynx

Question 1

The pharynx

Answer 1

muscular tube open anteriorly

theres a naso oro and laryno pharynx

Question 2

muscles of pharynx

Answer 2

superior, middle (smallest by hyoid bone) and inferior pharyngeal constricters
they are continuous with the buccanator m and help push food down

inferior pharyngeal constrictors are subdivided into thyro pharyngeus (attaches to thyroid) and cricco (attaches to cricoid process) pharyngeus

stylo pharyngeus- separates superior and middle

Question 3

pharynx from the posterior aspect

Answer 3

there is a median pharyngeal raphe that divides the muscles, theres a space between the skull and the superior constricter filled with pharyngobasilar fascia
there is a piriform fossa by epiglottis that contains nerve

Question 4

features of nasopharynx

Answer 4

auditory tube, tubal elevation torus tubarius, salpingopharyngeus, levator (medial) veli palatini, tensor veli (lateral) palatini, naso pharyngeal tonsil

Question 5

oropharynx feature

Answer 5

oropharyngeal isthmus- opening from oral cavity to pharynx

palatine tonsils between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

Question 6

laryngo pharynx features

Answer 6

piriform fossae on either side of laryngeal inlet(opening of the pharynx into larynx/voice box

Question 7

innervation of pharynx

Answer 7

pharyngeal plexus= CN IX and X and sympathetic fibers
*Motor: CN X- all muscles of soft palate and pharynx (3 pharyngeal constrictors, salpingopharyngeus, palato pharyngeus); CN IX-stylopharyngeus; CN V3-tensor veli palatini

*sensory: CN IX and CN V2- upper pharynx ; CN X- lower

Question 8

blood supply and lymphatic drainage of pharynx

Answer 8

ascending pharyngeal artery

jugulodigastric nodes- sore throat enlarges it

Question 9

dysphagia

Answer 9

difficulty swallowing/ deglutition

Question 10

larynx/voice box

Answer 10

passageway for air that functions in voice production from laryngo pharynx to trachea

function: voice production

Question 11

clinical correlations of larynx

Answer 11

laryngitis, vocal polyps, smoking

Question 12

laryngeal cartilages (thyroid cartilage)

Answer 12

thyroid cartilage- 2plates/laminae fused large more squished in men

• superior cornu (horn)- posteriorly arranged, its an attachment for thryohyoid membrane
• inferior cornu- articulates with cricoid cartilage (bottom cart
• oblique line- attachment for inferior constrictor, sternothyroid, and thyrohyoid muscles

Question 13

cricoid cartilage

Answer 13

has an anterior arch thats thin and a very broad posterir lamina, forms a complete ring and is the only cartilage that does so, on top there are 2 arytenoid cartilages, on tom of arytenoids are the corniculate cartilages, cuneform cartilages attach the very tip of the corniculate cartilages with the thyrohyoid membrane and are covered with mucosa

Question 14

arytenoid cartilage

Answer 14

has vocal process that projects anteriorly and attach to the vocal ligament

muscular process that projects laterally and attach to several muscles to allow it to move

the arytenoid cartilage has a synovial joint between it and the cricoid cartilage that allows it to move and swivel medially and laterally

Question 15

epiglottic cartilage

Answer 15

elastic cartilage that connects to the thyroid cartilage

Question 16

cricotracheal ligament

Answer 16

connects cricoid and 1st tracheal ring

Question 17

thyrohyoid membrance

Answer 17

connects thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone

Question 18

cricothyroid membranes (2)

Answer 18

connect cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage

Question 19

cricothyroid ligament

Answer 19

anterior/median

Question 20

cricovocal membranes or lateral cricothyroid ligaments

Answer 20

tent like fibrous sheets that project medially

Question 21

vocal ligaments

Answer 21

thickened, superior, free edge of cricovocal membranes

Question 22

conus elasticus

Answer 22

cricovocal membrane and the vocal ligament combined

Question 23

quadrangular membrane

Answer 23

from epiglottis to arytenoid cartilages looks like a sail

Question 24

aryepiglottic fold

Answer 24

superior free edge of quadrangular membrane

Question 25

vestibular ligaments

Answer 25

inferior free edge of the quadrangular membrane

Question 26

vestibular folds

Answer 26

mucosa that covers vestibular ligaments

Question 27

vocal folds

Answer 27

mucosa that covers the vocal ligaments, cricovocal membranes and vocalis mmm

Question 28

rima glottidis

Answer 28

the space between the vocal fold in the horizontal plane

Question 29

vestibule of larynx

Answer 29

superior to the vestibular fold

Question 30

ventricle of larynx

Answer 30

between the vestibular and vocal fold

Question 31

infraglottic cavity

Answer 31

below vocal cords

Question 32

glossoepiglottic folds

Answer 32

connect tongue and epiglottis have vallecula which are depressions between the tongue anteriorly and epiglottis posteriorly

Question 33

aditus laryngis

Answer 33

laryngeal inlet going into epiglottis

Question 34

cricothyroids (intrinsic muscles of the larynx) m

Answer 34

location: between thyroid and cricoid cartilages
action: tilts thyroid cartilage anteriorly, elongating and tightening vocal ligaments-> an increase in pitch of voice
innervation: external laryngeal n

Question 35

transverse arytenoids m

Answer 35

unpaired

location: from one arytenoid cartilage to the other
action: pulls arytenoid cartilages together, affecting the width of the rima glottidis
innervation: recurrent laryngeal n

Question 36

oblique arytenoids m

Answer 36

location: superficial to transverse arytenoids, blend with aryepiglottic m
action: adjusts the size of the laryngeal inlet
innervation: recurrent laryngeal n

Question 37

posterior cricoarytenoids m

Answer 37

location: from muscular process of arytenoid cartilages to posterior part of cricoid cartilage
action pulls muscular process medially to abduct the vocal folds and open the rima glottidis
innervation: recurrent laryngeal n

Question 38

thyroarytenoid muscles m

Answer 38

location from posterior surface of thyroid cartilage to arytenoid cartilages

action: pull arytenoig cartilages anteriorly to decrease tension on vocal ligament-> lower pitch
innervation: recurrent laryngeal n

Question 39

lateral cricoaretenoids

Answer 39

locations from muscular process of arytenoid cartiages to lateral part of cricoid cartilage

action: pull muscular proccess anteriorly to adduct the vocal folds thus closing the rima glottidic
innervation: recurrent laryngeal

Question 40

innervation of the larynx

Answer 40

superior laryngeal nerve: sensory and motor
internal laryngeal nerve: sensory to mucosa superior to the vocal folds
external laryngeal nerve: motor to cricothyroid muscle
recurrent laryngeal nerve: sensory to mucosa inferior to vocal folds and motor to many intrinsic m of pharynx

Question 41

muscles of speech

Answer 41

alter space between vocal cords:
*posterior cricoarytenoid-opens glottis
*lateral cricoarytenoid-closes glottis
alter tension of vocal cords:
*cricothyroid-elongates and tightens vocal cords
*thyroarytenoid and vocalis-shorten vocal cords
protect entrance to larynx:
*thyroepiglottis
*aryepiglottic muscles