neck academic enhancement

Question 1

hyoid muscles and their innervations

Answer 1

supra hyoid: elevate hyoid
infra hyoid: depress hyoid

Supra hyoid: mylohyoid (V3), digastric (ant-V3, post-facial), stylohyoid (facial), geniohyoid (nerve to geniohyoid)

infra hyoid: omohyoid(ansa cervicalis), sternohyoid(ansa cervicalis), sternothyroid(ansa cervicalis), thyrohyoid (nerve to thyrohyoid)

Question 2

ansa cervicalis origins

Answer 2

C1, C2, C3 and travels with the hypoglossal

Question 3

posterior triangle

Answer 3

borders: scm, trap, clavical
* occipital triangle (brdr: SCM, trap, omohyoid) branches of cervical plexus, and spinal accessory nerve
* omoclavicular(brdr: SCM, omohyoid, clavicle)subclavian artery and vein

Question 4

anterior triangle

Answer 4

borders: SCM, Midline, and mandible
sub triangles:
*submandibular triangle (brdr: digastric and mandble) contains submandibular gland, submandibular lymph nodes, hypoglossal (CN XII), nerve to myloghyoid,, facial artery and vein
*submental triangle(brdr: midline, ant belly of digastric, hyoid bone) contains submental lymph nodes, geniohyoid, and anterior jugular vein
*muscular triangle(brdr: midline, omohyoid, SCM) contains all infra hyoid muscles and thyroid gland
*carotid triangle(brdr: digastric, omohyoid, scm) contains common carotid artery (internal and external), internal jugular vein, vagus CNX, spinal accessory, hypoglossal, ansa cervicalis

Question 5

deep cervical facia

Answer 5

• superficial/investing: encloses trap and scm and surround the entire neck
• Pretracheal muscular layer surround the strap muscles and visceral layer surrounds the thyroid, trachea, and esophagus
• prevertebral- surrounds the vertebral column and associated muscles

Question 6

retropharyngeal space

Answer 6

potential space between buccopharyngeal fascia and alar facia and leads to the thorax

Question 7

nerves of neck

Answer 7

CERVICAL PLEXUS
*cutaneus branches (sensory)-lesser occipital(scalp behind ear) , great auricular (ear and acoustic meatus), transverse cervical(neck), supraclavicular(by clavicle)
*motor-ansa cervicalis (sup and inf rami) supplies infra hyoids
VAGUS
HYPOGLOSSAL
PHRENIC
CERVICAL BRANCH OF FACIAL-platysma

Question 8

common carotid in the neck and branches

Answer 8

so you have your common carotid which branches to external and internal carotid. The internal carotid artery and becomes circle of willis does not have any branches in the neck. The external has the 8 branches. Some attenings like freaking out pre med students

1. Superior thyroid (the inf. comes off thyrocervical trunk)
2. Ascending pharyngeal on the back
3. lingual a
4. facial a
5. occipital
6. posterior auricular (hugs ear
7. maxillary
8. superficial temporal (kinda the continuation)