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DT 3 > 30. Electrolytes/Acid-Base > Flashcards

30. Electrolytes/Acid-Base Flashcards

1
Q

cause of hypernatremia?

A

too little free water

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2
Q

how will urine be in classic hypernatremia?

A

concentrated (trying to keep water in to combat hypernatremia)

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3
Q

tx for hypernatremia?

A

IV fluids

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4
Q

pt presents with nausea and malaise,

wt is the electrolyte disturbance?

A

hyponatremia

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5
Q

wt causes hypovolemic hyponatremia?

tx?

A

diuretics

IV fluids

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6
Q

wt causes euvolemic hyponatremia?

tx?

A

SIADH

fluid restiction

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7
Q

3 causes of hypervolemic hyponatremia?

A

CHF
Cirrhosis
Nephrotic syndrome

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8
Q

cause of SIADH?

A

small cell lung cancer –> ectopic ADH production

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9
Q

hw should patients with symptoms of hyponatremia be treated?

A

hypertonic saline

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10
Q

major extracellular cation?

A

Na

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11
Q

major intracellular cation?

A

K

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12
Q

wt causes K to shift across cellular membranes?

A

pH changes

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13
Q

5 causes of hyperkalemia?

A 
excessive intake
acidosis
lack of aldosterone
volume depletion
renal failure
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14
Q

hw to diagnose hyperkalemia and hypokalemia?

A

EKG

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15
Q

2 drugs to decrease serum K?

A

insulin

albuterol

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16
Q

hw to tx hyperkalemia w EKG changes?

A

calcium gluconate

17
Q

4 causes of hypokalemia?

A

diarrhea (K loss)
diuretics
magnesium deficiency
alkalemia

18
Q

electrolyte disturbances that can cause arrhythmias?

A

hyper/hypokalemia

19
Q

hw to tx hypokalemia

A

oral K

20
Q

pt presents w lung mass, history of smoking, and hyponatremia,
diagnosis?
tx?

A

SIADH

fluid restriction

21
Q

wt lab value should be measured when hypokalemia is present?

A

magnesium

22
Q

pt goes into acidosis, wt system responds first?

A

respiratory

metabolic (renal) is delayed

23
Q

wt is a normal anion gap?

A

4-12

24
Q

4 causes of metabolic acidosis?

A

lactic acidosis (anaerobic glycolysis)
ketacidosis (diabetics, alcoholics, starvation)
loss of bicarbonare (diarrhea, renal failure)
toxins (ethylene glcol, methanol, salicylates)

25
Q

3 causes of metabolic acidoses w elevated anion gap?

A

ketoacidosis
toxins
lactate

26
Q

wt are the values of pH, pCO2, bicarb in respiratory acidosis?

A

pH- low
pCO2 - high
bicarb - compensation –> high

27
Q

wt are the values of pH, pCO2, bicarb in respiratory alkalosis?

A

pH- high
pCO2 - low
bicarb - compensation –> low

28
Q

wt are the values of pH, pCO2, bicarb in metabolic alkalosis?

A

pH- high
pCO2 - compensation –> low
bicarb - high

29
Q

wt are the values of pH, pCO2, bicarb in metabolic acidosis?

A

pH- low
pCO2 - compensation –>high
bicarb - low

DT 3 (26 decks)

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