Diuretics Flashcards
Mannitol: Type of drug, MOA, Use, and adverse effects.
An osmotic diuretic that acts in the loop of Henle and proximal tubule by decreasing the reabsorption of water by diluting Na. Also slightly increases the GFR. Used in emergencies for anuric/oliguric renal failure, nephroprotection during a kidney transplants, controls intraocular pressure in acute glaucoma, and decreases cerebral edema. Can’t be used in patients that can’t tolerate an increase in ECF volume, can cause hyponatremia ( low Na+ level in blood) .
Furosemide: Type of drug, MOA, Use, and adverse effects.
Loop diuretic that acts on Na/K/2Cl transporters in the thick ascending loop of Henle by blocking it causing Na+ transport to stop thereby increasing the excretion of Na+ and H20 in the urine. Used to treat anuric/oliguric renal failure, acute pulmonary edema (best for emergency), congestive heart failure, edematous states, and ascites. Can cause dehydration/hypotension, severe hypothermia/ hypokalemia/hypochloremia. Increases the toxicity of aminoglycosides by blocking their elimination and increases the toxicity of digitalis.
Chlorothiazide/Hydrochlorothiazide: Type of drug, MOA, Use, and adverse effects.
A thiazide that inhibits the Na/Cl symports in the distal convoluted tubule blocking the reabsorption of Na/Cl and water. Used chronically or in combo with loop diuretics to treat edematous states, congestive heart failure, ascites, calcium oxalate stones, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Can cause dehydration, hypotension, hypothermia, hypocholoremia, hypokalemia but is milder than loop diuretics.
Spironolactone/Eplerenone: Type of drug, MOA, Use, and adverse effects.
A mineralcorticoid receptor antagonist that competitively inhibits aldosterone in the collection ducts which inhibits Na+ reabsorption and K excretion ( K+ sparing). Used to as a secondary diuretic to treat congestive heart failure, edematous states, and ascites (especially cirrhosis). Also to treat primary hyperaldosteronism, proteinuria, and hypertension..never used as first line of action. Can cause hyperkalemia and sever facial ulcerative dermatitis in cats.
