Cardio

Question 1

What is Becks triad

Answer 1

Low BP, Raised JVP, Muffled heart sounds indicative of cardiac tamponade - left ventricular free wall rupture

Question 2

What is the mnemonic to remember the complications of MI?

Answer 2

Death Passing PRAAED st

Death
Pump Failure
Pericarditis
Rupture
Aneurysm
Arrythmia
Embolism
Dresslers Syndrome

Question 3

What is wellens syndrome

Answer 3

Deeply inverted t waves in leads v2-3 indicative of LAD stenosis - severe

Question 4

Causes of constrictive pericarditis?

Answer 4

Tb
Scleroderma
Uraemia - CRF

Question 5

Kussmauls sign?

Answer 5

rise in JVP on inspiration

sseen in constrictive pericarditis, or other scenarios with right heart strain and poor filliung

Question 6

Long QT treatment?

Answer 6

beta blockers
ICD in high risk cases

avoid precipitants:
 terfenadine (antihist) and erythromycin
amiodarone
sotalol
TCA
SSRI

strenuous exercise

Question 7

Indications for PCI

Answer 7

ST elevation - 2mm in 2 or more consecutive leads of v1-6
1mm in 2 or more consecute leads ii,iii,AVL,AVF
NEW LBBB

Question 8

how long does GTN spray take to work?

Answer 8

2 mins

Question 9

What leads are supplied by the LAD?

Answer 9

anteroseptal leads - V1-4

Question 10

What leads are supplied by the left circumflex artery?

Answer 10

lateral leads - V5-6 and I and AVL

Question 11

What leads are supplied by the RCA?

Answer 11

inferior leads - II,III and AVF

Question 12

What is the treatment for hypertension in diabetis?

Answer 12

always ACEi - not CCB even if older.

Question 13

Which meds do you stop when someone is having an MI?

Answer 13

CCBs

Question 14

What is the fourth step in HTN management?

Answer 14

measure the potassium - if its belowe 4.5 then you can add spiro
if its above then add a thiazide LIKE diuretic - indapamide?

Question 15

What drugs will someone who has had a heart attack be on?

Answer 15

Aspirin
clopidogrel/ticagrelor (upto 1yr)

beta blocker
acei
statin

Question 16

What can bendroflumeth worsen?

Answer 16

gout
hypercalcaemia
hyponatraemia

Question 17

How do you remember rheumatic fever criteria?

Answer 17

PEASS PPIFA

Question 18

how often can you repeat adrenaline in anaphylaxis?

Answer 18

every 5 minutes

Question 19

anaphylaxis adult manageent?

Answer 19

500mcg adrenaline
200mg hydrocortisone
10mg chlorphenamine

Question 20

Most specific sign for pericarditis on ecg

Answer 20

PR depression - may have ST elevation too with saddle? may also have a modest trop rise

Question 21

What is the chest pain like in pericarditis?

Answer 21

often pleuritic in nature and so is relieved on breathing out or sitting forward

Question 22

CAuses of acute pericarditis?

Answer 22

VBF MDO

Viral - coxaccie/HIV/EBV
Bacterial - TB/pneumonia/rheumatic fever
Fungal
MI-dresslers
Drugs - penicillins
other - sarcoi/ reumatoid, SLE

Question 23

Causes of a Long QT?

Answer 23

Drugs + metabolic

Meds - erythromycin, terfenadine,amiodarone, sotalol
metabolic - hypokalaemia, calcaemia,magnesaemia,thermia

also congenital causes
(not hyponatraemia)

Question 24

when should you look for sexcondary causes of HTN?

Answer 24

under 40’s, resistant to treatment or other signs of

Question 25

What is the target INR for VTE and AF?

Answer 25

2. 5
   (3. 5 for recurrent VTE)

if they fall below 2 you should give them LMWH in the meantime until higher dose of wararin has time to act

Question 26

Causes of LBBB?

Answer 26

CHAIR

Cardiomyopathy
Hypertension
Aortic stenosis
IHD
Rare - idiopathic fobrosis

Question 27

Reasons to have VQ scan over CTPA?

Answer 27

cant have contrast - renal impairment

Question 28

Most common murmur in infective endocarditis?

Answer 28

commonly regurg.

left sided:
most 85% mitral regurg and half Aortic

Question 29

What is the murmur of atrial myxoma

Answer 29

late diastolic plop