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6th Year > PSA > Flashcards

PSA Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dose of metoclopramide

A

10mg TDS

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2
Q

What drugs cause low sodium

A

carbamazepine

sulfonylureas*
SSRIs, tricyclics
carbamazepine
vincristine
cyclophosphamide
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3
Q

When are dextrose solutions contraindicated

A

in stroke due to risk of cerebral odema

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4
Q

How many mmol of Na in a bag of saline?

A

154

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5
Q

What is the dose of sertraline

A

50mg OD slowly put up each week to upto 200mg

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6
Q

Facts about tamoxifen

A

is taken for 5 years and commonly causes hot flushes. risk of VTE - seek help if calf pain

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7
Q

What is the problem with carbimazole?

A

can cause neutropenic sepsis - marrow suppression therefore check TFTs and FBC

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8
Q

What drugs reduce seizure threshhold?

A

aminophylline/ theophylline
mefenamic acid
fluoroquinolones
methylphenidate

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9
Q

What three drugs cannot be given in asthmatics?

A

beta blockers
adenosine
NSAIDs

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10
Q

How do you manage gentamicin dosing?

A 
Dosing
due to the significant ototoxic and nephrotoxic potential of gentamicin it is important to monitor plasma concentrations
both peak (1 hour after administration) and trough levels (just before the next dose) are measured
if the trough (pre-dose) level is high the interval between the doses should be increased
if the peak (post-dose) level is high the dose should be decreased
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11
Q

When is gentamicin contraindicated

A

myasthenia gravis

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12
Q

Dose of furosemide?

A

20-50mg IV for pulmonary odema

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13
Q

Dose of rivoroxaban

A

10mg OD for prevention

20mg OD but 15mg BD initially treatment

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14
Q

Apixaban dose?

A

2.5mg BD

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15
Q

How much glucose do you need to give in hypoglycaemia?

A

10-20g within 20 minutes

use 20% glucose (50-100ml)

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16
Q

Dose of tetracycline in acne kids?

A

500mg BD

can use other tetracyclines but should not be used under 12

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17
Q

What topicals can be used for acne

A

clindamycin

benzoyl peroxide

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18
Q

three drugs that may cause hyperkalaemia?

A

dalteparin
ramipril
tacrolimus

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19
Q

dose of tacrolimus?

A

roughly 200mcg/kg divided into two doses therefore average 70kg will be on around 14mg per day = 7mg twice

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20
Q

drugs to withold in AKI

A

ACEi
Allopurinol - can accumilate when function is poor

NOT aspririn

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21
Q

How many days before surgery should asprin be stopped?

A

7 days

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22
Q

drugs contributing to confusion?

A

opiates
benzos
steroids

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23
Q

What is the dose of levothyroxine?

A

mcg not mg

taken daily not weekly

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24
Q

drugs causing hyponatraemia?

A

citalopram
bendro
ramipril

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25
Q

When should pain patches be used?

A

for background pain not breakthrough

often placed on for a number of days.

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26
Q

Contraindications for nitrofurantoin?

A

GFR less than 45 - use trimethoprim if possible

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27
Q

What is the dose of breakthrough pain meds?

A

1/6th of the 24 hr dose every 4 hours as required

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28
Q

What is the eqivalent in morphine of a 50mcg p/hr fentanyl patch?

A

120mg in 24hr

can be found in medicines guidance > palliative care

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29
Q

Alcoholic with delerium trememns? first management?

A

chlordiazepoxide 20mg PO 6hrly

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30
Q

What is vitamin k also known as?

A

phytomenedione
1-5mg oral common dose?
used pre surgery elective when INR is greater than o equal to 1.5

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31
Q

What does topirimate do?

A

induces - reduces efficacy of hormonal contraceptive

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32
Q

What does the BNF say instead of erectile dysfunction?

A

sexual dysfunction

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33
Q

Which drugs can often cause cholestatic jaundice?

A

co amoxyclav

sulphonylureas?

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34
Q

Side effect of carbimazole that causes it to require monitoring?

A

neutropenic sepsis - monitor FBC

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35
Q

What are the indications of perindopril?

A

HTN
HF

check indication in question if it is asking you how you would monitor for beneficial side efects

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36
Q

side effects of ciclosporin that require monitoring?

A

LOTS OF THEM

renal dysfunction with U+E is more important than neutropenia with FBC.

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37
Q

What is a safe dosing increase for insulin to ameliorate steroid induced hyperglycaemia?

A

10%

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38
Q

Side effects of beta blockers?

A

sleep disturbance
bronchospasm in asthmatics
cold peripheris
fatigue

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39
Q

Side effects of calcium channel blockers?

A

ankle swelling
flushing
headache
verapamil causes constipation

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40
Q

Side effects of nitrates

A

tachycardia
hypotension
headache

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41
Q

Side effects of nicorandil

A

Headache
fflushing
anal ulceration

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42
Q

eye problems with amiodarone

A

corneal opacities, optic neuritis

43
Q

What drugs can cause your vision to change colour?

A

digoxin - green/yellow

sildenafil - blue

44
Q

What is dosulepin

A

TCA

45
Q

side effectsa of amoxicaillin

A

rash with EBV

46
Q

side effects of cipro

A

tendonitis

reduce seizure threshold

47
Q

side effects of flucloxacillin

A

cholestasis - a few weeks later

48
Q

side effects of erythromycin

A

enzyme inhibitor
vomiting and GI disturbance
prolongs QT

49
Q

antiplatelets for dental surgery?

A

dont bother stopping

50
Q

side effecs of ethambutol

A

optic neuritis

renal dosing adjustment

51
Q

side effects of pyrizinamide

A

hepatic toxicity
GOUT - hyperuricaemia
arthralgia

52
Q

side effects of isnoniazid

A

enzyme inhibitor

peripheral neuropathy? b6 reduction

53
Q

side effects of rifampicin

A

orange secretions
enzyme inducer
liver toxicity
flu like sx

54
Q

1st line for neuropathic pain in diabetes peripheral neuropathy?

A

duloxetine - SNRI

55
Q

contraindications to bisphosphonates?

A

renal failure egfr less than 30?

56
Q

diclofenac contraindications

A

heart failure

57
Q

Side effects of sulphonylureas e.g glimepride

A

hypos
SIADH
appetite and weight gain
cholestasis

58
Q

Side effects of metformin

A

lactic acidosis

stomach upset

59
Q

Side effects of thiazoledindiones

A

fluid retention
weight gain
fractures

60
Q

causes of occulogyric crisis

A

phenothiazines
metoclopramide
haloperidol

61
Q

monitoring for methotrexate

A

FBC LFT UE

62
Q

Monitoring for amiodarone

A

LFT TFT

63
Q

Monitoring for leviteracetam?

A

no monitoring

64
Q

Which is the most common dose of statin to cause myopathy?

A

high dose - 80mg simvastatin

65
Q

What should you do if a patient get myopathic symptoms from statins?

A

look at their CK - stop if over 5 times upper limit.

less than 5 - monitor and stop if intolerable symptoms

66
Q

shooting pain in left arm after mastectomy treatment

A

pregabalin or amytriptilline first line neuropathic

gabapentin is 2nd

67
Q

Gentamicin common uses?

A

severe UTI
abdo - gram neg
infective endocard?

68
Q

mode of action for tamoxifen causing cancer?

A

acts as an oestogen recepter AGONIST in the endometrium in contrast to effects in the breast

69
Q

TCA overdose signs

A

anticholinergic signs are present early on:
(similar to sympathitic) wide pupils, dry mouth, agitation, sinus tachy.
they get QRS widening (seizure risk up) and a long QT predisposing them to arrythmias

also likely to get an acidosis

70
Q

how do you treat TCA overdose?

A

Bicarb

71
Q

How do you treat aspirin overdose

A

urinary alkalisation with bicarb. - more often just dialyse because it is contraindicated in pulmonary or cerebral odema?
indications for dialysis include pulmonary odema and acidosis

72
Q

What recepters should you use to have a prokinetic effect?

A

dopamine antagonist such as metoclopramide~?

73
Q

What recepters re useful in nasal decongestant?

A

alpha 1 agonists

74
Q

histamine 1 vs 2?

A

1 - antihistamines

2 - - rantitidine

75
Q

Contraindications to digoxin?

A

hypokalaemia? makes toxicity likely

76
Q

second line treatment in beta blocker overdose - unresponsive to atropine?

A

glucagon

77
Q

Drugs which can cause malignant hyperthermia?

A

halothane

suxamethonium

78
Q

How do you treat malignant hyperthermia

A

dantrolene - stops calcium release appaz

79
Q

cautions to pred?

A

heart failure -causes fluid retention

80
Q

HRT regimes

A

consist of a small amount of oestrodiol with norethisterone

can be continuous or cyclical to induce withdrawal bleed

81
Q

What is trazadone?

A

anti depressant - inculding side effects of sedation, postural hypos and priapism

82
Q

What cant you give trimethoprim with?

A

methotrexate

83
Q

What do you treat scarlet fever wiyth?

A

phenoxymethylpenicillin - 10 days

84
Q

What cant you do with methotrexat?

A

have babies for 3 months even if you a man

85
Q

What do you do if they get myopathy from a statin?

A

half the dose after withdrawing for some timne

86
Q

What drugs should be stopped before surgery

A 
I LACK OP
Insulin
Lithium
Anticoaglants
cocp
potassium sparing diuretics
oral hypoglycaemics
perindopril and acei
87
Q

side effect of loop diuretics?

A

gout

88
Q

Side effects of steroids

A 
STEROIDS
stomach ulcers
thin skin
edema
right and left heart failure
osteoporosis
infections
diabetes
syndromes - cushings
89
Q

cautions and contra’s of NSAIDS

A 
NSAID
no urine
systolic dysfunction
asthma
Indigestion
dyscrasia
90
Q

What are the contraindications to domperidone?

A

long qt prolongation and occulogyric cris(less likely as peripherally actiung)

increased levels of dopamine?

91
Q

Which antiemetics cause occulogyric crisis?

A

metoclopramide - if on other parksinsons drugs, antipsychotic too and also carbamazipine.

92
Q

alendronic acid side effects?

A

stomach upset in all forms, dyspepsia, flatulence, diarhhoea and constipation
atypical femoral fractures with long term use.

93
Q

causes of ankle odema

A

CCBs

NSAIDS

94
Q

Course of treatment for candida in pregnancy?

A

usually 7 days of clotrimazole pessary 100mg

they cannot take oral fluconazole treatment

95
Q

In DKA what do you do with their normal insulin?

A

keep the long acting one going and stop their short acting and start them on a flat rate insulin.

96
Q

WHAT PAIN MANAGEMENT DSHOULD YOU GIVE OLD PEOPLE WITH SHINGLES?

A

PARACETAMOL

97
Q

lOPERAMIDE

A

USE AFTER EACH LOOSE STOOL 4mg followed by 2 after each. maximum 16 poer day

98
Q

you have to let patients know if they are gonna need monitoring on msoemthing

A

eg renal on ciclosporin

99
Q

monitoring for cocp

A

high blood pressures

100
Q

What morphine do you use in renal impariment?

A

oxycodone as it is hepatically metabolised

101
Q

Contraindications to most laxatives and stool softeners?

A

acute abdomen
ileus
cannot give bulking agents such as ispagula husk in impaced individuals

102
Q

whats the best type of laxative for faecal impaction?

A

stool softeners such as docusate sodium which also acts as a stimulant at higher doses.

103
Q

What insulin should be used in hyperkalaemia?

A

10 units short acting actrapid or novorapid insulin in 100ml 20% glucose over 30 minutes

6th Year (19 decks)

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