Urology Flashcards
What are the most common stones
calcium oxalate
then next most common are mixed with calcium phosphate
What does proteus infection do?
alkali urine, making struvite stones more likely to form as a staghorn calculus
What is the most common renal malignancy?
renal cell cacinoma also known as renal adenocarcinoma.
schisto gives you which cancer?
SCC of the bladder
What drugs are used for BPH
alpha 1 antagonists - tamsulosin, - smooth muscle relaxation - dizziness and postural hypotension
5alpha redutase inhib - finasteride - reduces testosterone to DHT - loss of libido, sexual dysfunction, gynaecomastia - takes upto 6 months to work
How does a torsion present?
acutely painful testicle - torsion of the spermatic cord will cause a loss of the cremasteric reflex.
Pain may radiate to the groin
they may vomit
check for fevers to rule out infection
varicocele assocaitions?
infertility
causes of a hydrocele?
torsion
epididimo orchitis
tumours
epididymal cyst associations?
VHL
APKD
CF
VHL
Haemangiomas/haemangioblastomas everywhere
renal cell carcinoma
epidymal cysts
phaeochromocytoma
indications for circumcision?
phymosis/paraphymosis
recurrent blanitis
lichen sclerosis
NOT religious reasons
Which stones are lucent?
urate
xanthine
cystein are half half - associated with inheritied disorder of cystine absorption - +ve FHx
common metastasis for renal cell carcinoma
cannon Ball mets in the lung
Bone
Brain
(BBB)
What is the main cause of a bladder injury?
pelvic trauma
fractured pelvis think bladder injury
get an intravenous urogram
contraindications to catheter insertion?
suspected urethral injury - trauma cases - blood at the meatus
