Chapter 4

Question 1

Polymers of Nucleic Acid

Answer 1

DNA and RNA

Question 2

Nitrogenous Bases in DNA or RNA (5)

Answer 2

1) Cytosine
2) Thymine (Only in DNA)
3) Uracil (Only in RNA)
4) Adenine
5) Guanine

Question 3

Purines?? (2)

Answer 3

1) Adenine
2) Guanine
(Pure (A)s (G)old) [Mnemonic]

Question 4

Pyrimidines??? (3)

Answer 4

1) Cytosine
2) Thymine
3) Uracil

Question 5

DNA has what nucleotides (base pairing)??

Answer 5

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

Question 6

RNA has what nucleotides (base pairing)

Answer 6

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil

Question 7

What sugar (carbohydrate) you need to make DNA?

Answer 7

Deoxyribose

Question 8

What sugar (carbohydrate) you need to make RNA?

Answer 8

Ribose Sugar

Question 9

Law of Complimentary Base Pairing

Answer 9

When one strand governs the base sequence of the others

Question 10

What base pairing goes together for DNA? And how many bonds between them?

Answer 10

Guanine—Cytosine (3 hydrogen bonds)

Thymine—Adenine (2 hydrogen bonds)

Question 11

What base pairing goes with RNA?? How many hydrogen bonds?

Answer 11

Guanine—Cytosine (3 hydrogen bonds)

Adenine—Uracil (2 hydrogen bonds)

Question 12

Replications???

Answer 12

DNA—> DNA

Divide to makes two cells

Question 13

Transcription??? And where does it occur?

Answer 13

DNA—> is unwind by ribosomes and copied using complementary base pairing for RNA into mRNA

Occurs in the nucleus

Question 14

Translation????

Answer 14

mRNA—> goes out into the cytoplasm and meets a tRNA (who binds free amino acids to ribosome), they have anticodon (ex. UGC) to pairs with a codon of the mRNA and read by the ribosome to combine the amino acid to build a protein.

mRNA—>Protein
Occurs in the cytoplasm

Question 15

Replication steps???

Answer 15

1) DNA helicase unwine DNA in half
2) Leading strand adds complimentary base pairing by DNA polymerase
3) Lagging strand (Okazaki Fragments) adds complimentary pairing by DNA ligase
4) DNA gyrase brings two strands together into a helix

Mnemonic(help Polly like Gerald)

Question 16

4 enzymes involved in DNA replication?

Answer 16

1) DNA-Helicase
2) DNA-Polymerase
3) DNA-Ligase
4) DNA-Gyrase

Question 17

What is a histone?

Answer 17

Little spools that wrap DNA back up in orderly fashion, made up of proteins

Question 18

Polyribosome???

Answer 18

One strand of mRNA w/ multiple ribosome attached, producing the same protein

Question 19

Template Strand??

Answer 19

One of the DNA strand that was spliced in transcription to be used as a template to make mRNA

Question 20

Mitosis???

Answer 20

For growth, all cells, 1 replications, 1 division—>2 identical progeny

Question 21

Meiosis????

Answer 21

Reproduction, gametes only—>1 replication, 2 divisions—> 4 unique progeny

Question 22

Ploidy ???

Answer 22

Is the number of sets of homologous chromosomes that make up the genome of a cell or an organism