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Anatomy & Physiology > Exam #2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Skins (5) What they do?

A

1) Resist trauma and infection, due to keratin (aka protein)
2) Water barrier
3) Vitamin D synthesis
4) Sensation
5) Thermoregulation

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2
Q

Cells of Epidermis (5)

A

1) Stem Cells *every 30 days we shed skin cells
2) keratinocytes *most abundant cells in the epidermis (keratin,protein)
3) Melanocytes *give skin color (not a protein)
4) Dendrite Cells *immune cells of epidermis
5) Most superficial of all skin layers

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3
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis? (5) In their order of deep to superficial

A

1) Stratum basale (bottom layer, deep)
2) Stratum spinosum
3) Stratum granulosim
4) Stratum lucidum
5) Stratum corneum (most superficial)

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4
Q

Details about the Dermis??

A

1) Middle skin
2) Holds follicles
3) Sweat glands
4) Sebaceous glands
5) Blood vessels
6) PEM (piloerector muscles)

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5
Q

What is the Hypodermis???

A

The deepest skin we have

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6
Q

What are skin colors? (5)

A

1) Cyanosis (blue)
2) Erythema (red)
3) Pallor (ashen)
4) Albinism (white)
5) Jaundice (yellow)

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7
Q

4Tissue Categories

A

Nervous- brain
Muscular- muscles
Connective- blood
Epithelial- intestines, cervix

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8
Q

Epitheliam?

A

The tissue that separates you from the environment (outer, superficial)

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9
Q

Endothelium??

A

The (deep) final layer in you, blood, tissue that line to get our blood

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10
Q

Squamous?

A

Flat cell

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11
Q

Capillaries??

A

Thin cells rolled up to make a tube

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12
Q

5 Functions of Skeleton?

A

1) support
2) protection
3) movement
4) PH, Electrolyte balance
5) Blood formation

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13
Q

Bone Marrow?

A

Deepest, where bloods is made

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14
Q

Diaphysis (1)

A

The straight part of the bone, not Epiphysis, which is 2, on both ends of bone

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15
Q

Marrow/medulla

A

Blood cells are made

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16
Q

Compact, Dense, Hard, Lamella (bone)

A

He will usually use compact or hard

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17
Q

Articular Cartilage?

A

………

18
Q

Nutrient Formina

A

……..

19
Q

Enodosteum

A

The middle part of bone

20
Q

Periosteum

A

Around the bone

21
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

Site of active growth

22
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

Demanded line of active growth (adult)

23
Q

Endochondral Ossification

A

The method by which our bone grows.

24
Q

Osterogenic (stem) cells

A

Replacement cells, stem cells divide to make duplicate cell, 1 stays stem cell, the other becomes Osteoblasts= bone builder. They later turn into Oseocytes after they nest, also called lacunae

25
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone Builder

26
Q

Osteocytes

A

After Osteoblasts nest they become this, also called lacunae

27
Q

Osteoclast

A

(Bone crusher)……..breaks down calcium put back into blood

28
Q

Absorption

A

From eating (GI Tract) when our body wants calcium.

29
Q

Reabsorption

A

Getting something in your blood again, escaping calcium into our ruin but kidney takes it back to be reabsorb to be used by our body

30
Q

Deposition

A

Osteoblast (deposit calcium into bone)

31
Q

Resorption

A

Osteoclasts (taking calcium from bone) “bone crusher”

32
Q

Hypercalcium

A

Not enough calcium in blood

33
Q

Hypocalcium

A

Too much calcium in blood

34
Q

Hormone

A

Secreted into the blood, to take a message somewhere

35
Q

Calcium Homeostasis

A

1) Calcitonin (made by thyroid gland) to tell bone turn on + deposition
or turn off - resorption (lower blood calcium)

36
Q

Osteon

A

Fundamental of unit of hard bone

37
Q

Central Canal

A

Blood

38
Q

Lamella

A

Rows of lacunae

39
Q

Canaliculi

A

Cell arms into central canal for nutrients & get rid of waste

40
Q

Vertebrae

A

Cervical (7) breakfast at 7
Thoracic (12) Lunch at 12
Lumber (5) Dinner at 5

Anatomy & Physiology (6 decks)

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