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AS Biology > Eukaryotic Cells > Flashcards

Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleus

A

15um diameter
Controls cells, controls mRNA and tRNA, which controls protein synthesis
Manufactures rRNA for ribosome synthesis
Contains genetic material

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2
Q

Nucleus TEM

A

Patchy, no visible membranes or structures except nucleolus

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3
Q

Nuclear pores

A

Tiny holes in membrane

Allow mRNA to diffuse out of nucleus

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4
Q

Nuclear envelope

A

Double membrane with RER SER
Controls entry, exit of materials
Contains chemical reactions in nucleus

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5
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Jelly material that makes up the nucleus

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6
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA when cell is not dividing

Chromosomes when it is

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7
Q

Nucleolus

A

Manufactures rRNA to make ribosomes

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8
Q

Ribosomes

A 
25nm in diameter
mRNA used to form proteins
80S in E
70S in P
Formed from 2 subunits of RNA and protein joined together
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9
Q

Ribosomes TEM

A

TIny black dots, attached to RER or as black spots

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10
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

Network of membranes

Joined to cell surface membrane and nuclear envelope

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11
Q

RER

A

Ribosomes on surface
LSA for protein synthesis
Path for material transport

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12
Q

RER TEM

A

Studded straightest lines

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13
Q

SER

A

No ribosomes
Tubular
Synthesise, transport, store, lipids and carbs

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14
Q

SER TEM

A

Smooth bulbous lines

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15
Q

Golgi apparatus

A 
100nm
Cisternae, stacks of flat membrane sacs
Vesicles, structures that pinch off ends
Proteins, lipids modified, activated
Form lysosomes
Secrete proteins, carbs
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16
Q

Golgi apparatus TEM

A

Close packed stacks of membranes, slightly convex, vesicles pinch off edge

17
Q

Lysosomes

A 
1um diameter
Pinched membrane packets, end of Golgi
Filled with hydrolytic enzymes
Fuse of phagocytic vesicles
Autophagy, autolysis
Release enzymes outside cell through exocytosis
18
Q

Lysosomes TEM

A

Variable size, single membrane space, clear inside

19
Q

Mitochondria

A

7um
Double membrane, outer controls entry, exit of material, inner highly folded, form cristae LSA
Cristae studded with stalked particles containing ATP synthase
Matrix contains mitochondrial ribosomes and mitochondrial DNA
Site of some respiration stages, formation of ATP

20
Q

Mitochondria TEM

A

Often darker, clear boundary with cristae visible

AS Biology (29 decks)

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