Respiration

Question 1

Respiration

Answer 1

Oxygen and glucose needed for aerobic respiration
GAs exchange, gas transfer
In lungs across cell membrane
Maintain conc grad, ventilation and circulation

Question 2

Aerobic respiration equation

Answer 2

6O2 + C6H12O6 => 6CO2 +6H2O + energy

Question 3

Amount of oxygen determined by

Answer 3

No of cells in organism
Metabolic rate and activity
Volume

Question 4

Amount of oxygen entering organism determined by

Answer 4

SA

Question 5

Efficiency dependant on

Answer 5

SA:V

Question 6

Ficks law

Answer 6

Rate of diffusion directly proportional to SA x conc grad/ distance

Question 7

Alveoli

Adaptations for respiration’s

Answer 7

LSA, increase diffusion area
Constant ventilation, circulation, maintain conc grad
Thin alveoli, cap walls, short distance
Slow blood flow in cap, increase time for diff

Question 8

Steps for inspiration

Answer 8

Diaphragm goes flow curved to flat
Intercostal contract
Rib cage, up and out
Pressure lowered, more volume in thorax
Pressure falls below atmospheric pressure
Air in lungs

Question 9

Steps for expiration

Answer 9

Diaphragm, flat to curved
Intercostal relax
Rib cage down and in
Pressure rises, less volume in thorax
Pressure rises above atmospheric pressure
Air out

Question 10

Ventilation during excercise

Answer 10

Muscles contact more strongly

Question 11

Spirometer

Answer 11

Measures volume of air breathed in and out

Question 12

Tidal volume

Answer 12

Amount of air breathed in and out when breathing normally

Question 13

Vital capacity

Answer 13

Total amount of air which is inhaled and exhaled

Question 14

Inspiration capacity

Answer 14

Total amount of air that can be breathed in

Question 15

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 15

Total volume of air remaining in lungs after breathing out normally

Question 16

Residual volume

Answer 16

Volume remaining in lungs after breathing out as much as possible
KEeps lungs from collapsing

Question 17

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 17

Total volume of air moved into lungs in dim-3 min-1
Both increase during excessive
Rate falls slowly to pay oxygen debt, break down lactic acid

Question 18

Pulmonary circulation equation

Answer 18

Pul vent= tidal volume x ventilation rate

Question 19

Gas exchange and size of locusts

Answer 19

Size of body restricted by respiratory system

If bigger, chitin lining of tracheoles collapse

Question 20

Tracheal breathing

Answer 20

Spiracles guarded by muscle controlled valves, hair filter dust
All cells v close to tracheole end
Stiffened with chitin cuticle
O2 diffuses in
Water loss prevented by closing spiracles

Question 21

Locust respiration when under stress

Answer 21

Forcibly ventilate tracheae
Abdominal muscle compresses internal organs, force air out of tracheae
1 way flow of air in grasshopper, increase gas exchange

Question 22

Locust respiration when exercising

Answer 22

Cells make lactic acid, lower WP
Fluid drawn into cell from tracheole
Air in contact with cell, increase rate of diffusion

Question 23

Gas exchange in aquatic insects

Answer 23

Tracheal system
Mosquito larvae poke breathing tube connected to tracheal system through water surface
Carry air bubble
Spiracles on spines, pierce leavers of underwater plants for O2
Gills

Question 24

Xerophyte adaptations to prevent excess water loss

Answer 24

Sunken stomata pits
Fewer stomata
Hairs
Thick waxy cuticle
Stomata inside of rolled leaf
Thick cuticle
Small leaf SA
 Extensive roots

All have local humidity, decrease air current exposure

Question 25

Gas exchange in bony fish

Answer 25

In gills
Many filaments, many lamellae, LSA
Water through moth, over gills, leaves through operculum
Ventilation, drawing of water over gills, maint conc grad, absorb 80% of o2
Exchange surface v thin