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1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 2 > Abdominal Wall & Development > Flashcards

Abdominal Wall & Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 layers of the abdominal wall?

A

Skin
Subcutaneous fascia
Deep fascia
Muscles

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2
Q

What is in the subcutaneous fascia? What is the thin twitch muscle within it?

A

Fat

Cutaneous trunki muscle

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3
Q

What is the deep fascia?

A

Tough fibroelastic sheet

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4
Q

How many lateral and ventral muscles are in the abdominal wall?

A 
3 lateral (EOA, IOA, transverse abdominal)
1 Ventral (rectus abdominus)
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5
Q

What are the functions of the muscle in the abdominal wall?

A

Enclose the abdominal cavity and contents
Contract to cause an increase in pressure
Used in vomiting, defaecation, micturition, breathing, coughing, sneezing

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6
Q

What is the rectus abdominus commonly referred to as in humans? Where does it originate and insert?

A

‘6 pack’
Originates ventral surface of sternum
Inserts - cranial border of pubis via pre pubic tendon

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7
Q

What fibrous structures separates the left and right rectus abdominus? What pierces this?

A

Linea alba

Umbilicus

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8
Q

Where is the external abdominal oblique?

Where is it’s origin and insertion?

A

Outermost lateral ab wall muscle
O - lateral caudal surface of ribs& lumbodorsal fascia
I -linear alba and pre pubic tendon

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9
Q

What direction do the fibres of the EAO run?

A

Caudoventrally

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10
Q

What is the IAO? Where does it originate and insert?

A

Middle lateral ab wall muscle
O - coxal tuber and lumbodorsal fascia
I- linea alba and cartilage of caudal ribs

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11
Q

What direction do the fibres in the IAO run?

A

Cranioventrally

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12
Q

Where is the transverse abdominal muscle? Where does it originate and insert?

A

Innermost lateral ab wall muscle
Originates medial surface of caudal ribs and deep lumbodorsal fascia
Inserts linea alba

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13
Q

What direction do the fibres run in the transverse abdominal muscle?

A

Transversely

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14
Q

Why do fibres run in specific directions?

A

To allow them to slide over each other

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15
Q

The rectus abdominus sheath is formed by tendons in the lateral ab wall muscles. These pass to join in the midline forming what? What is this called?

A

Aponeurosis

Linear alba

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16
Q

Which nerves innervate the abdominal wall?

A

T13

L1-5

17
Q

The dorsal roots innervate the dorsal muscles. The ventral roots split into 3 branches. What are these and where are they?

A

Medial (between TA and IAO)
Lateral (between IAO and EAO)
Lateral cutaneous (perforated EAO to innervate skin)

18
Q

What is the deep inguinal ring?

A

A gap in the IAO

19
Q

What is the superficial inguinal ring?

A

A gap in the EAO

20
Q

What is the inguinal canal?

A

The potential space between the deep and superficial inguinal ring

21
Q

What is the epithelial lining of the GI tract and associated exocrine glands called?

A

Endoderm

22
Q

What is mesoderm?

A

Muscle and connective tissue found in an embryo

23
Q

In GI embryology, what does the foregut differentiate to form?

A

Pharynx, oesophagus, stomach and some of the duodenum

24
Q

What does the midgut differentiate to form in GI embryology?

A

Rest of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending and transverse colon

25
Q

What does the hindgut differentiate to form in embryology?

A

The descending colon and rectum

26
Q

What at the junction of the fore and midgut becomes the liver? (And forms pancreas)

A

Endodermal diverticulum

27
Q

The endodermal diverticulum forms the liver at the junction of the foregut and midgut. What do the cranial branches form?

A

Gland tissue and hepatic ducts

28
Q

The endodermal diverticulum forms the liver at the junction of the foregut and midgut. What do the caudal branches form?

A

Gall bladder and cystic ducts

29
Q

What artery supplies the foregut?

A

Celiac artery

30
Q

During the development of the midgut, the yolk sac reduces to form what?

A

Vitelline duct

31
Q

When forming the midgut, it is pushed out of the abdominal cavity into the umbilicus. What is this called?Why is this?

A

Physiological hernia

Liver expands rapidly

32
Q

What artery supplies the hindgut in embryology?

A

Caudal mesentric artery

1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 2 (63 decks)

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