Urino-genital Anatomy - Female

Question 1

What does the word excretion mean?

Answer 1

A substance has been absorbed into the blood before leaving the body

Question 2

What are the functions of the kidney?

Answer 2

regulate fluid/electrolyte balance
Produce hormones
Excrete waste
Gluconeogensis 
Acid/base balance

Question 3

The kidney can be lobated, but isn’t in a dog. Where is the kidney found?

Answer 3

Below 13th rib, dorsal

Retro-peritoneal

Question 4

What hormones does the kidney produce?

Answer 4

Erythropoetin
Renin
Calcitrol

Question 5

Which kidney is more cranial than the other?

Answer 5

Right

Question 6

The bladder is made up of what parts?

Answer 6

Apex (cranial)
Body (caudal)
Neck (caudal - continuous with urethra)

Question 7

What is the trigone of the bladder?

Answer 7

Triangle where the ureters enter and where the urethra leaves the bladder

Question 8

When empty the bladder is tucked away. When full, where does it extend up to?

Answer 8

Umbilicus

Question 9

Which ligaments attached the bladder to the ventral abdominal wall?

Answer 9

Median ligament

Question 10

Which ligament attaches the bladder to the pelvic wall?

Answer 10

Lateral ligament

Question 11

What are the gonads in a female?

Answer 11

Ovaries (including ovarian burns and Fallopian tubes)

Question 12

What is the uterus made up of?

Answer 12

Uterine body
Uterine horns (where the Fallopian tubes meet the body)
Cervix

Question 13

What is below the cervix?

Answer 13

Vagina

Then vestibule

Question 14

Where are the ovaries located?

Answer 14

Level of 13th rib dorsally, level of umbilicus centrally

Question 15

How can you tell the difference between an active and an inactive uterus?

Answer 15

Inactive - smooth muscle

Active- knobbly with corpora lutes and follicles

Question 16

The ovarian end is funnel shaped and catches eggs. What is this called?

Answer 16

Infundibulum

Question 17

What are the 4 attachments of the ovaries?

Answer 17

Mesovarium (ovarian ligament)
Mesosalpinx
Suspensory ligament
Proper ligament

Question 18

What is the mesovarium?

Answer 18

Ovarian ligament
Contains ovarian artery/vein
Needs ligating in spay
Continuous with mesometrium (broad ligament)

Question 19

What is the mesosalpinx?

Answer 19

Attachment of ovary to Fallopian tube

Question 20

What is the suspensory ligament?

Answer 20

Short attachment to ovaries, needs breaking during spay

Question 21

What is the proper ligament?

Answer 21

Attachment between ovaries and uterine horn

Question 22

What is the ovarian bursa? What is an issue with this during a bitch spay?

Answer 22

Pocket of peritoneum which encloses the ovaries

Obscured by fat - complex

Question 23

What is the difference between a hysterectomy and ovario-hysterectomy?

Answer 23

Hysterectomy - just remove uterus

Ovarian - also remove ovaries

Question 24

Why does the uterus need removing during a spay but not the cervix?

Answer 24

Cervix is not hormone responsive, unlike the uterus

Question 25

What is the mesometrium?

Answer 25

‘Broad ligament’ | Attaches uterus to lateral body wall

Question 26

What is the round ligament of the uterus?

Answer 26

Foetal remnant of gubernaculum | Within the broad ligament

Question 27

What is different about the bitch cervix that makes it visibly distinguishable from the uterus body?

Answer 27

Cervix is muscular

Question 28

What is found between the vagina and vestibule? Where are these structures found?

Answer 28

Hymen | Within pelvic canal

Question 29

What is the vestibule bounded by?

Answer 29

Labia of vulva

Question 30

What it is the urethral tubercle?

Answer 30

Midline ridge on the external urethral opening | (Fossas either side)0

Question 31

What is the glans clitoris? Where is it found?

Answer 31

Blind ending | Concealed in a deep fossa under a fold of mucous membrane

Question 32

What is the blood supply to the ovaries?

Answer 32

Ovarian/artery and vein Arterioles our complex Anastomoses with urine artery and vein

Question 33

What branches to supply the vestibule with blood supply?

Answer 33

Vaginal artery and vein

Question 34

How many pairs of mammary glands are there? Where are they located? What is each pair associated with?

Answer 34

5 - 2 thoracic, 2 abdominal, 1 inguinal | Each associated with a papilla (teat)

Question 35

In the inguinal region, what is the pair of mammary glands surrounded by?

Answer 35

Extensive adipose tissue

Question 36

What is the blood supply to the mammary glands?

Answer 36

Cranial & caudal superficial epigastric

Question 37

What is the lymph drainage from the mammary glands?

Answer 37

3 cranial pairs by axillary lymph vessel | 2 pairs via inguinal lymph vessel

Question 38

What is the perineum?

Answer 38

Area beneath the tail and around the anus

Question 39

What is the pelvic diaphragm? Which 5 muscles form it?

Answer 39

Where the urino-genital system meets the outside world | Levator ani, coccygeus, rectococcygeus, internal & external anal sphincter, internal obturator

Question 40

What it is the difference in muscle types between the internal and external anal sphincter?

Answer 40

Internal - smooth muscle | External - striated

Question 41

weakening of the pelvic diaphragm leads to what?

Answer 41

Perineal hernia | Protruding ab contents