Urino-genital Anatomy - Male Flashcards

(35 cards)

1
Q

What is the inguinal canal?

A

Potential space between layers of the abdominal wall
2 passages which convey the spermatic chord or round ligament of uterus
Large and more prominent in males

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2
Q

What is the gap in the internal abdominal oblique called?

A

Deep inguinal ring

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3
Q

What is the gap in the external abdominal oblique and inguinal ligament?

A

Superficial inguinal ring

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4
Q

What is the opening of the inguinal canal called?

A

Vaginal ring

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5
Q

How is the inguinal canal developed?

A

Vaginal process (outpouch) of peritoneum pushes through and protrudes into the scrotum

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6
Q

What is an inguinal hernia?

A

Abdominal structures pass through vaginal ring into the inguinal canal

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7
Q

Why are pigs and rabbits more likely to get an inguinal hernia?

A

They have a superimposed superficial and deep inguinal ring

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8
Q

Why is sperm kept outside of the body in the scrotum?

A

Temperature sensitive - needs cooling

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9
Q

What aids the formation of the gonads, in particular the testes?

A

Gubernaculum

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10
Q

What are 3 reasons to neuter an animal?

A

Testosterone - aggression
Contraception
Health e.g. reduce cancers

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11
Q

What is within the scrotum to seperate each testicular? What other tissues are found in the testes?

A

Median septum

Lots of Sebaceous and sweat glands - heal badly

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12
Q

What is the blood supply to the scrotum?

A

Pudendal artery and vein

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13
Q

What are the 7 layers of the testes?

A
Skin
Tunica Dartos
External spermatic fascia 
Internal spermatic fascia
Cremasteric spermatic fascia
Parietal peritoneum
Visceral peritoneum
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14
Q

What is the function of the spermatic fascia?

A

Protection

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15
Q

What is the epididymis?

A

A duct within the testes, where sperm passes to the ductus deferens
made up of head, body and tail

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16
Q

What is the spermatic chord?

A

Ductus deferens, testicular vein and artery

In peritoneal fold (mesorchium)

17
Q

What is the pampniform plexus? What is the function of this?

A

Veins in testes arranged in a mesh, encasing the testicular artery
Cools down blood via heat exchange

18
Q

What is in the spermatic sac? how is it attached to the scrotum?

A

vaginal tunic - continuation of peritoneal cavity

Scrotal ligament -broken in closed castration

19
Q

What is the proper name for a castration?

20
Q

When doing an open castration, where is the incision made and is it sutured? Why?

A

Scrotum
Not sutured
Left to drain, heals badly due to sebaceous/sweat glands
Fills with inflammatory fluid which prevents infection in the peritoneal cavity

21
Q

When performing a closed castration, which layers are cut through? Which ligament need breaking? What needs ligating?

A

Skin Tunica dartos External spermatic fascia
Scrotal ligament
Spermatic chord and neck of spermatic fascia

22
Q

When doing an open castration, which ligament needs breaking and what needs ligating?

A

Ligament of tail of epididymis

Spermatic chord

23
Q

What is the root of the penis attached to?

24
Q

What 2 types of erectile tissues are found in the penis?

A

Corpus spongiosum surrounding urethra

Corpus cavernous

25
What is the end of the penis called
Glans penis
26
What is the carpus cavernosum? What are the two types and which is found in horse/man and ruminants?
Erectile tissue, arranged as 2 fibrous crura Musculocavernosus - human Fibroelastic - s shaped, straightens when erected
27
What do carnivores have within their penis and why?
Os penis | Don’t need full erection to enter vagina, when fully erected ‘tying’
28
What is the blood supply to the penis?
Pudendal arteries and win
29
Is there any vascular connection between the two types of erectile tissues?
No
30
What is the function of the retractor penis muscle? Where is it?
Runs along ventral shaft, thin muscle | Retracts for protection
31
WHat is the function of the ischiocarvernosus and bulbospongiosus muscles?
Stop blood drainage during erections
32
Why do some animals have rhythmic contractions?
Increases the pressure to maintain the erection
33
In the glans penis of a dog, there are two parts. What are the proximal and distal parts called?
Proximal - bulbus glandis | Distal - pars longa glandis
34
What is the prepuce?
Tubular connective sheath covering free end of penis | Foreskin
35
What keeps the preputial orifice closed and retracts the prepuce?
Muscles