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1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 2 > Horse Husbandry > Flashcards

Horse Husbandry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the horse extinct ancestor?

A

Equus ferns

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2
Q

What type of feeders are horses?

A

Trickle feeders (16 hours/day)

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3
Q

When are flat racing and jump racing in season?

A

March - November

All year round

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4
Q

How are horse heights measured?

A

In hands (10cm)
Feet trimmed
No shoes
From wither to ground

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5
Q

At what age do horses get their full set of adult teeth?

A

7 years

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6
Q

What is a foal?

A

A horse less than 1 year old

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7
Q

What is a filly?

A

A female less than 3 years old or until she foals

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8
Q

What is a colt?

A

A male less than 3 y/o

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9
Q

What is a mare?

A

Adult female

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10
Q

What is a gelding?

A

Castrated male

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11
Q

What is a stallion?

A

Entire male

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12
Q

What is a yearling?

A

1 year old

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13
Q

What is a long yearling?

A

Between 1 and 2

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14
Q

What is the life expectancy of horses?

A

20-30

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15
Q

When is the breeding time for horses?

A

Spring

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16
Q

How long is the gestation period?

A

340 days

11 months

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17
Q

At what age are foals weaned?

A

4-8 months

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18
Q

What are hair whorls?

A

Unique hair patterns on the head

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19
Q

What is a pony?

A

Horse under 14.2 h

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20
Q

How much space is needed in a field per horse?

A

At least 1 acre

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21
Q

What are different types of horse housing systems?

A 
American barn (individual stables)
Open bar
Tether stalls (no back end)
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22
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using wood shavings instead of straw?

A

Less dust

More expensive

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23
Q

What is the deep litter system?

A

only removing faces when mucking out, using urine for warmth

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24
Q

How often do hoofs need picking

A

Daily and before exercise

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25
Q

How often do horses need trimming/shoeing?

A

6-8 weeks

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26
Q

What is the horse passport scheme?

A

All horses require a passport regardless if travelling
£5k fine
Exceptions - wild native herds
Regulated by DEFRA/equine societies

27
Q

What is needed to be on the horse passport?

A 
Name 
Breed
Age
Height
Colour
Brand
Blood type
28
Q

What are examples of hot-blooded breeds?

A

Thoroughbreds

Arabs

29
Q

What are examples of heavy/drought breeds?

A

Shire

30
Q

WHat is an example of a warm-blooded horse?

A

Sports horse

31
Q

What is an example of a pony?

A

Shetland

SMALL NOT YOUNG

32
Q

A horse is 60% what, 20% what, 12% what, 7% what, 1% what and <1% what?

A 
Water
Protein
Fat
Minerals
Carbohydrates
Vitamins
33
Q

What are 3 ways to estimate/measure horse weight?

A

Weigh bridge
Weigh tapes
BCS

34
Q

What is the equation to estimate weight from horse tapes?

A

(Girth squared x length)/11880

35
Q

What are the two types of starvation?

A

Simple starvation - healthy horse

Stressed starvation - ill horse

36
Q

When starving, what is the order of the body mechanisms to compensate?

A

Glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Lipolysis

37
Q

What is refeeding syndrome?

A

Body stores get depleted when refeeding after starvation

P,K,Mg,B1

38
Q

how do you avoid refeeding syndrome?

A

Refeed slowly

Avoid high carb diets

39
Q

What is a main factor contributing to laminitis?

A

obesity

40
Q

When losing weight, how much should a horse be fed?

A

1% of BW

41
Q

On a passport, what is a hair whorl marked as? What colour is used for white?

A

Cross

Red

42
Q

How much saliva do horses produce per day? What stimulates this? Does this have digestive functions?

A

10L
Food in mouth
No - lubrication functions

43
Q

What compounds/ions are found in horse saliva?

A

High HCO3-, Ca2+, Cl-

44
Q

What is the total volume of the horse GI tract?

A

200L

45
Q

How much should the DM intake of a horse be? What about a pony?

A

1.5-3% BW

More

46
Q

Why is a hay diet better than a concentrate diet?

A

Spend most of day eating hay, spend very little time eating concentrates
Leads to boredom
Stereotypies

47
Q

How much water do horses need per day?

A

30-50L

48
Q

What is wrong with horses eating ragwort or acorns?

A

Ragwort - poisonous

Acorns - addictive, eat too many

49
Q

Overgrazing in a field leads to..

A

Weeds

50
Q

How old should a conserved forage be before feeding?

A

Over 2 months

51
Q

What is the DM for hay? What are issues with hay?

A

80-90%
Mould/dust
Over time, protein level increases and carb decreases

52
Q

What% DM is haylage? What are the advantages and disadvantages?

A

50-65%
Highly nutritious, digestible, palatable
Spoils quickly

53
Q

What is haylage?

A

Naturally fermented (hay/grass?)

54
Q

When is straw ideal for feeding horses? What does it also require?

A

Dieting horses
NOT LACTATING OR PREGNANT
Protein supplement needed

55
Q

What is a disadvantage/advantage to concentrates e.g. cereal straights?

A

Ca:P imbalance
Rapid glucose release
Fed as supplement to forage

56
Q

What are different types of cereals for horses?

A

Oats - palatable, whole
Barley - needs treated, limited SI digestion
Corn - low fibre, high energy, less digestion in SI
Bran - fed as mash —> laxative

57
Q

What can be used as an additional fibre source for horses?

A

Sugar beet

58
Q

What can be fed as protein supplements?

A

Linseed

Soya bean meal cake

59
Q

What are the advantages/disadvantages of commercial feeds?

A

Say exact nutritional value - can work out whether needs balancing with forage
Less time grazing, boredom

60
Q

What are the advantages/disadvantages of pellets?

A

Crushed and mixed so can’t pick certain things out

Boredom

61
Q

What are the different ways to feed a horse e.g. hay?

A

Hay bag - feet trapped?
Racks - dust?
Mangers - vermin? Hard to clean?
From floor

62
Q

What are the advantages/disadvantages of feeding a horse on the floor?

A

Assists molar function and sinus drainage
Normal muscle function
But wasteful

63
Q

What it is the equation to work out ME? Maintenance energy

A

(1.4+0.03XBW)X4.18

64
Q

When doing light, moderate or intense work, how much should ME by increased by?

A

25%
50%
100%

1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 2 (63 decks)

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