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1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 2 > Horse Husbandry > Flashcards

Horse Husbandry Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

What is the name of the horse extinct ancestor?

A

Equus ferns

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2
Q

What type of feeders are horses?

A

Trickle feeders (16 hours/day)

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3
Q

When are flat racing and jump racing in season?

A

March - November

All year round

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4
Q

How are horse heights measured?

A

In hands (10cm)
Feet trimmed
No shoes
From wither to ground

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5
Q

At what age do horses get their full set of adult teeth?

A

7 years

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6
Q

What is a foal?

A

A horse less than 1 year old

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7
Q

What is a filly?

A

A female less than 3 years old or until she foals

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8
Q

What is a colt?

A

A male less than 3 y/o

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9
Q

What is a mare?

A

Adult female

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10
Q

What is a gelding?

A

Castrated male

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11
Q

What is a stallion?

A

Entire male

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12
Q

What is a yearling?

A

1 year old

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13
Q

What is a long yearling?

A

Between 1 and 2

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14
Q

What is the life expectancy of horses?

A

20-30

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15
Q

When is the breeding time for horses?

A

Spring

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16
Q

How long is the gestation period?

A

340 days

11 months

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17
Q

At what age are foals weaned?

A

4-8 months

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18
Q

What are hair whorls?

A

Unique hair patterns on the head

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19
Q

What is a pony?

A

Horse under 14.2 h

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20
Q

How much space is needed in a field per horse?

A

At least 1 acre

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21
Q

What are different types of horse housing systems?

A 
American barn (individual stables)
Open bar
Tether stalls (no back end)
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22
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using wood shavings instead of straw?

A

Less dust

More expensive

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23
Q

What is the deep litter system?

A

only removing faces when mucking out, using urine for warmth

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24
Q

How often do hoofs need picking

A

Daily and before exercise

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25
How often do horses need trimming/shoeing?
6-8 weeks
26
What is the horse passport scheme?
All horses require a passport regardless if travelling £5k fine Exceptions - wild native herds Regulated by DEFRA/equine societies
27
What is needed to be on the horse passport?
``` Name Breed Age Height Colour Brand Blood type ```
28
What are examples of hot-blooded breeds?
Thoroughbreds | Arabs
29
What are examples of heavy/drought breeds?
Shire
30
WHat is an example of a warm-blooded horse?
Sports horse
31
What is an example of a pony?
Shetland | SMALL NOT YOUNG
32
A horse is 60% what, 20% what, 12% what, 7% what, 1% what and <1% what?
``` Water Protein Fat Minerals Carbohydrates Vitamins ```
33
What are 3 ways to estimate/measure horse weight?
Weigh bridge Weigh tapes BCS
34
What is the equation to estimate weight from horse tapes?
(Girth squared x length)/11880
35
What are the two types of starvation?
Simple starvation - healthy horse | Stressed starvation - ill horse
36
When starving, what is the order of the body mechanisms to compensate?
Glycogenolysis Gluconeogenesis Lipolysis
37
What is refeeding syndrome?
Body stores get depleted when refeeding after starvation | P,K,Mg,B1
38
how do you avoid refeeding syndrome?
Refeed slowly | Avoid high carb diets
39
What is a main factor contributing to laminitis?
obesity
40
When losing weight, how much should a horse be fed?
1% of BW
41
On a passport, what is a hair whorl marked as? What colour is used for white?
Cross | Red
42
How much saliva do horses produce per day? What stimulates this? Does this have digestive functions?
10L Food in mouth No - lubrication functions
43
What compounds/ions are found in horse saliva?
High HCO3-, Ca2+, Cl-
44
What is the total volume of the horse GI tract?
200L
45
How much should the DM intake of a horse be? What about a pony?
1.5-3% BW | More
46
Why is a hay diet better than a concentrate diet?
Spend most of day eating hay, spend very little time eating concentrates Leads to boredom Stereotypies
47
How much water do horses need per day?
30-50L
48
What is wrong with horses eating ragwort or acorns?
Ragwort - poisonous | Acorns - addictive, eat too many
49
Overgrazing in a field leads to..
Weeds
50
How old should a conserved forage be before feeding?
Over 2 months
51
What is the DM for hay? What are issues with hay?
80-90% Mould/dust Over time, protein level increases and carb decreases
52
What% DM is haylage? What are the advantages and disadvantages?
50-65% Highly nutritious, digestible, palatable Spoils quickly
53
What is haylage?
Naturally fermented (hay/grass?)
54
When is straw ideal for feeding horses? What does it also require?
Dieting horses NOT LACTATING OR PREGNANT Protein supplement needed
55
What is a disadvantage/advantage to concentrates e.g. cereal straights?
Ca:P imbalance Rapid glucose release Fed as supplement to forage
56
What are different types of cereals for horses?
Oats - palatable, whole Barley - needs treated, limited SI digestion Corn - low fibre, high energy, less digestion in SI Bran - fed as mash —> laxative
57
What can be used as an additional fibre source for horses?
Sugar beet
58
What can be fed as protein supplements?
Linseed | Soya bean meal cake
59
What are the advantages/disadvantages of commercial feeds?
Say exact nutritional value - can work out whether needs balancing with forage Less time grazing, boredom
60
What are the advantages/disadvantages of pellets?
Crushed and mixed so can’t pick certain things out | Boredom
61
What are the different ways to feed a horse e.g. hay?
Hay bag - feet trapped? Racks - dust? Mangers - vermin? Hard to clean? From floor
62
What are the advantages/disadvantages of feeding a horse on the floor?
Assists molar function and sinus drainage Normal muscle function But wasteful
63
What it is the equation to work out ME? Maintenance energy
(1.4+0.03XBW)X4.18
64
When doing light, moderate or intense work, how much should ME by increased by?
25% 50% 100%

1st Year Veterinary Cards - Semester 2 (63 decks)

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