Adnexa Of The Eye

Question 1

Which Greek and Latin words mean eyelid?

Answer 1

Palpebral

Blepharo

Question 2

Which gland is found in the eyelid, to keep eyelashes healthy?

Answer 2

Sebaceous gland

Question 3

What is the name of the gland that produces waxes to line the upper and lower eyelids? Why does it do this?

Answer 3

Tarsal gland

Stop tears flowing constantly

Question 4

What is the palpebral fissure?

Answer 4

Space between two eyelids when eye is open

Not presence when eyes shut

Question 5

What is the name of the 3rd eyelid?

Answer 5

Nicitating membrane

Question 6

What are the 3 layers found in the eyelid?

Answer 6

Skin
Musculofibrous
Palpebral conjuctiva

Question 7

What is found in the musculofibrous layer of the eyelid?

Answer 7

Glands
Smooth and somite muscle
Connective tissue
Pharyngeal arch muscle

Question 8

What is a sty?

Answer 8

An infection of the sebaceous gland

Question 9

Which muscle closes the eye? What is it’s innervation?

Answer 9

Obicularis oculi

Palpebral branch of auricopalpebral nerve

Question 10

Which muscle lifts the upper eye and brow? Which nerve innervates this?

Answer 10

Superciliaris

Palpebral branch of auriculopalpebral nerve

Question 11

Which muscle draws the lateral palpebral angle posteriorly? Which muscle innervates this?

Answer 11

Retractor anguli oculi

Palpebral branch of auriculopalpebral nerve

Question 12

Which muscle lifts the upper eyelid? Where is it found? What is it innervates by?

Answer 12

Levator palpebral superioris
Inside the bony orbit of the eye
Occulomotor nerve

Question 13

What innervates the smooth muscle found in the eyelids?

Answer 13

Sympathetic NS - afferent efferent

Cranial cervical ganglion

Question 14

The sensory nerve supply to the eye is from the trigeminal branches. Which branches supply the upper and lower eyelid?

Answer 14

Upper - ophthalmic division of maxillary

Lower - maxillary

Question 15

What can entropion lead to?

Answer 15

Conjuctivitis and corneal ulcers

Question 16

What is ectropion?

Answer 16

The drooping of an eyelid (usually bottom), exposing the palpebral conjuctiva
Leads to epiphora and conjuctivits

Question 17

What is epiphora?

Answer 17

Excess tear production

Question 18

The palpebral conjuctiva continues across the front surface of the cornea, where it is referred to as…

Answer 18

Bulbar conjunctiva

Question 19

How can deep ulcers be healed?

Answer 19

Stitch conjuctiva over ulcer, provide blood supply, then remove conjuctiva

Question 20

What is the lacrimal apparatus?

Answer 20

Structures which create lacrimal fluid
Lacrimal gland (above lateral canthus of upper palpebral) other glands, gland of 3rd eyelid

Question 21

What type of gland is the lacrimal gland? What is its nerve supply?

Answer 21

Serous and mucous

Autonomic efferent

Question 22

Where is the nasolacrimal duct found? What is it’s purpose?

Answer 22

Within the maxilla, above upper canines

Tears drain from lacrimal duct to nasal cavity

Question 23

Nasolacrimal duct occlusion are common in rabbits. Why is this?

Answer 23

Uncared for rabbits teeth grow up into socket

Above the tooth socket is the nasolacrimal duct

Question 24

What is the nicitating structure? What can be an issue with this strucure?

Answer 24

T shaped cartilage and fold in medial canthus of eye

Prolapse

Question 25

Why does the nicitating membrane slide over the eyeball when blinking?

Answer 25

Eyeball is retracted by retractor bulbs muscle

3rd eyelid slips over the gap

Question 26

What is the periorbital fascia?

Answer 26

Fibrous tunic, cone shaped surrounding eye and extra ocular muscles

Question 27

What are the 3 layers of the periorbital fascia?

Answer 27

Deep muscular fascia
Superficial muscular fascia
Periorbita

Question 28

How many extraoccular muscles are there? What are the 3 groups?

Answer 28

7
4 rectus
2 oblique
1 retractor

Question 29

What are the 4 rectus extraoccular muscles? Where do they insert? What is their innervation?

Answer 29

Dorsal, ventral, medial lateral rectus
Move pupil
Rostrally to the equator
Occulomotor nerve

Question 30

What are the 2 oblique extraocular muscles? WHere do they insert? What is their action? What is it’s innervation?

Answer 30

Dorsal and ventral
Insert rostrally to the equator
Dorsal - moves the dorsal eyeball medially and centrally. Ventral - moves ventral eyeball medially and dorsally
Trochlear nerve

Question 31

What is the 1 retractor extraoccular muscle and where does it originate from? It is partially innervated by which nerve?

Answer 31

Retractor bulbi
Optic canal and orbital fissure
Abducent