3/13

Question 1

dysdiadochondinesia

Answer 1

impaired rapid alternating movements (in lateral cerebellum damage)

Question 2

clinical in acute intermittent porphyria

Answer 2

abdominal pain, neurologic problems, no photosensitivity, port wine urine, PBG and ALA in urine

Question 3

false positives in VRDL testing

Answer 3

TB and lupus

Question 4

mechanism of poisoning in cyanide

Answer 4

binds Fe3+ in cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondria

Question 5

three treatments for cyanide

Answer 5

• sodium thiosulfate (sulfur donor for excretion)
• sodium nitrate (promotes methemoglobin to chew up cyanide)
• hydroxocobalamin (cobalt binds and leads to excretion)

Question 6

cAMP-protein kinase A signaling molecules

Answer 6

• PTH, ACTH, TSH, ADH (V2)

- mainly pituitary hormones

Question 7

DAG-protein kinase C pathway

Answer 7

• GnRH, TRH, angiotensin II, ADH (V1)

Question 8

JAK-STAT pathway signaling molecules

Answer 8

• EPO, G-CSF, growth hormone

Question 9

catecholamine breakdown products in a child

Answer 9

neuroblastoma

Question 10

chlorpheniramine

Answer 10

H1 blocker, contraindicated with benzos due to sedating effects

Question 11

syphilis lesions

Answer 11

primary = chancre
secondary = condylomata lata
tertiary = gumma

Question 12

fibrate MOA

Answer 12

activate PPAR alpha to decrease VLDL production

Question 13

most common cause of death in rheumatic fever

Answer 13

pancarditis

Question 14

TNF-alpha

Answer 14

• necrosis and cachexia in cancer

- produced by macrophages in infection

Question 15

leptin

Answer 15

produced by fat cells, lower fat intake by:

• decreasing neuropeptide Y
• increasing POMC synthesis

Question 16

causes of Cheyne-Stokes breathing

Answer 16

CHF and neurologic disease (bad sign)