Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Anti-desmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Druge induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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5
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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6
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies

A

1° biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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7
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA)
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

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8
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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10
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic Scleroderma

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11
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)

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12
Q

“Apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray

A

colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

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13
Q

Atypical lymphocytes

A

EBV

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14
Q

Azurophilic peroxidase +, granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially promyelocytic M3 type)

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15
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: S. pyogenes (group A)
Resistant: S. agalactiae (Group B)

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16
Q

Bamboo spine on X-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis HLA-B27)

17
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBC’s

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (splenectomy or non-functional spleen)

18
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBC’s

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

19
Q

Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

20
Q

Boot-shaped heart on X-ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)

21
Q

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfure granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

22
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)

23
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

24
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

25
Q

Cellular crescents around Bowman capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

26
Q

Chocolate cyst of ovary

A

Endometriosis (frequently both ovaries)

27
Q

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

A

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

28
Q

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

A

Cystic fibrosis (Autosomal recessive CFTR mutation –>fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

29
Q

Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

A

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities

30
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A

Tabes dorsalis (3° syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)

31
Q

“Delta wave” on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycardia

A

Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)

32
Q

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

A

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

33
Q

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

A

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma, can result in whorled mucous plugs)

34
Q

Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid

A

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)

35
Q

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with “raisinoid” nuclei and hyperchromasia?

A

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)