Classic Presentations IV Flashcards

1
Q

Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles

A

Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/microabscesses)

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2
Q

Painless jaundice

A

Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct

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3
Q

Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria

A

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)

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4
Q

Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors

A

MEN 1 (autosomal dominant)

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5
Q

Periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoabuminemia, hypercholestrolemia

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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6
Q

Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation

A

“Pink puffer” (emphysema: centriacinar [smoking], panacinar [alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency])

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7
Q

Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets

A

Fanconi syndrome (multiple combined dysfunction of the proximal convoluted tubule)

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8
Q

Puritic, purple, polygonal planar papules and plaques

A

Lichen planus

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9
Q

Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

A

Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)

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10
Q

Pupil accommodates but doesn’t react

A

Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)

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11
Q

Rapidly progressive limb weakness that ascends following GI/upper respiratory infection

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome (acute inflammatory demylinating polyradiculopathy subtype)

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12
Q

Rash on palms and soles

A

Coxsackie A, 2° syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever

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13
Q

Recurrent cold (noninflamed) abscesses, unusual eczema, high serum IgE

A

Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome: Neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)

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14
Q

Red “currant jelly” sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia

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15
Q

Red “currant jelly” stools

A

Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults), intussusception

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16
Q

Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola

A

Paget disease of breast (Sign of underlying neoplasm)

17
Q

Red urine in the morning, fragile RBC’s

A

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

18
Q

Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral) hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma

A

von Hippel Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)

19
Q

Resting tumor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability, shuffling gate

A

Parkinson disease (loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta)

20
Q

Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers

A

Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)

21
Q

Severe jaundice in neonate

A

Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

22
Q

Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ

A

Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis)

23
Q

Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness

A

McBurney sign (acute appendicitis)

24
Q

Short stature, cafe au lait spots, thumb/radial defects, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia

A

Fanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML)

25
Q

Single palmar crease

A

Down syndrome

26
Q

Situs inversus, Chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility

A

Zach Fredman syndrome

But really Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)

27
Q

Skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue

A

1° adrenocortical insufficiency ([e.g. Addison disease] causes increased ACTH and increased alpha-MSH production)

28
Q

Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys

A

Becker muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne)